Energy Balance/Weight Flashcards
energy balance
the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure
energy equilibrium
when calories consumed matches the amount of energy expended
positive energy balance
energy intake exceeds energy expenditure and results in weight gain
negative energy balance
energy intake is less than energy expenditure and weight loss occurs
energy in
energy out
basal metabolism
minimum amount of energy expended in fasting to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm quiet environment (60-70% energy)
women: 0.9 kcal/kg men: 1.0 kcal/kg
factors that affect basal metabolism
increase: greater muscle mass, large body surface, body temp, gender, nervous system activity
decrease: lower than normal secretions of thyroid hormones, restricted calorie intake, less body surface/muscle mass, aging after 30
physical activity
increases energy expenditure above basal needs by 25 to 40% (being active determines much of our total energy expenditure
thermic affect of food
amount of energy used to digest, absorb, transport, store and metabolize (accounts for 5-10% of energy consumed)
estimated energy requirements
measurements that can estimate energy needs based on weight, height, gender, age, and physical activity
hunger
physiological drive to find and eat food (controlled by internal mechanisms like organs, hormones, nervous system)
appetite
psychological drive to eat (affected by external factors like social custom, time, mood, memories, sight)
satiety
state where you are satisfied and no longer have the drive to eat
elicited by sensory aspects of food, knowledge that food has been eaten, chewing, expansion of stomach and intestines
body mass index
weight for height standard
underweight: less than 18.5
overweight between 25 and 30
obese: greater than 30