Energy Balance/Weight Flashcards

1
Q

energy balance

A

the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure

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2
Q

energy equilibrium

A

when calories consumed matches the amount of energy expended

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3
Q

positive energy balance

A

energy intake exceeds energy expenditure and results in weight gain

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4
Q

negative energy balance

A

energy intake is less than energy expenditure and weight loss occurs

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5
Q

energy in

A
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6
Q

energy out

A
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7
Q

basal metabolism

A

minimum amount of energy expended in fasting to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm quiet environment (60-70% energy)
women: 0.9 kcal/kg men: 1.0 kcal/kg

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8
Q

factors that affect basal metabolism

A

increase: greater muscle mass, large body surface, body temp, gender, nervous system activity
decrease: lower than normal secretions of thyroid hormones, restricted calorie intake, less body surface/muscle mass, aging after 30

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9
Q

physical activity

A

increases energy expenditure above basal needs by 25 to 40% (being active determines much of our total energy expenditure

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10
Q

thermic affect of food

A

amount of energy used to digest, absorb, transport, store and metabolize (accounts for 5-10% of energy consumed)

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11
Q

estimated energy requirements

A

measurements that can estimate energy needs based on weight, height, gender, age, and physical activity

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12
Q

hunger

A

physiological drive to find and eat food (controlled by internal mechanisms like organs, hormones, nervous system)

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13
Q

appetite

A

psychological drive to eat (affected by external factors like social custom, time, mood, memories, sight)

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14
Q

satiety

A

state where you are satisfied and no longer have the drive to eat
elicited by sensory aspects of food, knowledge that food has been eaten, chewing, expansion of stomach and intestines

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15
Q

body mass index

A

weight for height standard
underweight: less than 18.5
overweight between 25 and 30
obese: greater than 30

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16
Q

weight loss maintenance

A

requires long-term lifestyle changes which can include control of energy intake, regular physical activity, control of problem behaviors

17
Q

characteristics of fad diets

A

promise quick fix, warnings of danger from product, recommendations based on single study, “good” and “bad” foods