exam 3 ch 11

Question 1

Natural selection can account for?

Answer 1

great variety of traits

Question 2

2 cases in which divergent traits may be adaptive for the two sexes:

Answer 2

ecological reasons and intrinsic reasons

Question 3

Males and females from the same species may eat different food due to dominance or traits

Answer 3

ecological reasons

Question 4

Divergent traits may also be adaptive with playing different roles in reproduction, which is the case in the hollyhock weevil

Answer 4

intrinsic reasons (naturally)

Question 5

who was the first to discover that sex provides another solution to the puzzle of sexual dimorphism ?

Answer 5

Charles Darwin

Question 6

Asexual organisms face 2 major challenges in life:

Answer 6

surviving until adulthood and reproduction

Question 7

Organisms producing through intercourse face a third challenge:

Answer 7

finding a mate of the opposite sex and persuade him or her to cooperate

Question 8

the number of gametes produced by an individual; usually used in reference to the number of eggs produced by a female

Answer 8

Fecundity:

Question 9

Differential reproductive success due to individual variation at finding mates

Answer 9

Sexual selection:

Question 10

Investment from parent that increases the fitness of the receiving offspring, but also decreases future reproductive success of the parent by way of additional offspring

Answer 10

Parental investment:

Question 11

who made plot for daily energetic investment

Answer 11

Hayward and Gillooly

Question 12

who predicted that sexual selection will be a more potent mechanism in the evolution of males than that of females

Answer 12

Bateman

Question 13

testing the reproductive fitness of female pipefish

Answer 13

Jones’ experiment:

Question 14

the key event that determines reproductive success involves interaction of a single sex

Answer 14

Intrasexual selection:

Question 15

3 forms of male-male combat:

Answer 15

1- Outright combat
2- Sperm competition
3- Infanticide

Question 16

There are 4 explanations as to why female preferences evolve

Answer 16

1: Preferences and traits may be arbitrary
2: Genetic variants are transmitted to offspring
3: Selection pattern in the population
4: Imposing selection on the population

Question 17

There are 3 reasons natural selection might act on the female preference conferring on maximal survival and fecundity

Answer 17

1: Female preference evolved first, male mating display followed
2: Exercises of preferences during mating confers advantage on females
3: Choosy females may receive better genes for their offspring

Question 18

Sexual selection is stronger on __________________ when males provide
parental care

Answer 18

females than males

Question 19

the key event that determines reproductive success
and involves interaction between members of the two sexes

Answer 19

Intersexual selection:

Question 20

a difference in form or behavior between sexes

Answer 20

Sexual dimorphism:

Question 21

differential reproductive success resulting from variation in mating success

Answer 21

Sexual selection:

Question 22

direct combat, gamete competition, infanticide advertisment

Answer 22

competition forms

Question 23

preexisting sensory bias, food benefits, better genes for offspring

Answer 23

choosiness reasons