Exam 3: Cancer grading and expression profiling Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Tumor Grading?

A

When a pathologist assigns a grade to tumor tissue bass on observations that can be made by looking at the biopsy

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2
Q

What is the TNM system for tumor Staging?

A
T = Tumor Size 
N = Lymph Nodes 
M = Metastasis
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3
Q

What are the three questions involved in TNM?

A

How large is the tumor?
Has the tumor spread to the lymph nodes?
To what extent has it spread to other organs?

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4
Q

What Is the significance of the Basal Lamina in Tumor Grading?

A

If the tumor has broken through the Basal membrane it is now considered malignant, meaning it has spread

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5
Q

What are the lymph Nodes?

A

They play a special role in the immune system because B and T cells accumulate in this area

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6
Q

What is the significance of Lymph Nodes in the grading of Tumors?

A

Invasive cancer cells often get caught in the drainage system thus accumulating in the lymph nodes.

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7
Q

What is the Sentinel Node?

A

The Lymph Node closest to a cancer where the cancer cells will first be detected

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8
Q

What is the importance of the Sentinel Node Biopsy?

A

Will give early indication of spread of cancer

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9
Q

What are some diagnostic features used to define the stage of a tumor?

A

Tissue Organization, Tumor Boundary, Dividing Cell Index, Tissue Organization

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