Exam 3: Cancer grading and expression profiling Flashcards
What is Tumor Grading?
When a pathologist assigns a grade to tumor tissue bass on observations that can be made by looking at the biopsy
What is the TNM system for tumor Staging?
T = Tumor Size N = Lymph Nodes M = Metastasis
What are the three questions involved in TNM?
How large is the tumor?
Has the tumor spread to the lymph nodes?
To what extent has it spread to other organs?
What Is the significance of the Basal Lamina in Tumor Grading?
If the tumor has broken through the Basal membrane it is now considered malignant, meaning it has spread
What are the lymph Nodes?
They play a special role in the immune system because B and T cells accumulate in this area
What is the significance of Lymph Nodes in the grading of Tumors?
Invasive cancer cells often get caught in the drainage system thus accumulating in the lymph nodes.
What is the Sentinel Node?
The Lymph Node closest to a cancer where the cancer cells will first be detected
What is the importance of the Sentinel Node Biopsy?
Will give early indication of spread of cancer
What are some diagnostic features used to define the stage of a tumor?
Tissue Organization, Tumor Boundary, Dividing Cell Index, Tissue Organization