Chapter 5 - Molecular Pathways Flashcards
What are the 3 types of Mutation?
- Neutral Mutation
- Loss of function Mutation
- Gain of function Mutation
What is Neutral Mutation?
a mutation in the DNA that has NO EFFECT of protein function
What is Loss of function Mutation?
a mutation in the DNA that results in the LOSS OF FUNCTION or activity of a protein
What is a gain of function mutation?
a mutation in the DNA that results in an increase of activity of a protein
Genes that contribute to loss of function? (genes that inhibit cell growth)
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes that contribute to the gain of function? (overactive genes that stimulate cell growth)
Oncogenes
In order to cause cancer what type of function is needed?
A gain of function
What is a receptor?
A molecule that binds to another molecule called a ligand
What happens when a receptor binds to its ligand?
It becomes active
When a receptor initiates a signal transduction pathway inside the cell, what is essentially happening?
relaying a message from the outside to the inside of the cell and bringing about a cellular response
What stimulates cell division and growth?
Growth Factors
What are 3 examples of Growth Factors?/
- EGF
- PDGF
- FGF
What growth factor complements the function of the hormone insulin?
Insulin-like growth factors
Transforming growth factor B is:
an unusual growth factor stimulating cell differentiation and inhibits cell division
Extracellular signal molecules thaat orchestrate the immune system:
Cytokines
