Exam 2: Chapter 9 Angiogenesis and DNA Repair

Question 1

What are the 5 hallmarks of Cancer?

Answer 1

1. Resisting Cell death(disabling apoptosis)
2. Inducing angiogenesis (creating a new blood supply)
3. Acquire cell immortality
4. Spread around the body
5. Increase cell division

Question 2

What is apoptosis?

Answer 2

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death; a self destruct button

Question 3

How is the apoptosis pathway activated?

Answer 3

Caspases

Question 4

How many pathways does Apoptosis have? What are their names?

Answer 4

It has two pathways, Extrinsic Pathway and the Intrinsic Pathway

Question 5

What is the extrinsic Pathway?

Answer 5

Signals originate outside of the cell

Question 6

What is the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 6

signals originate inside of the cell

Question 7

Describe the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 7

p53 activates BH3.
BH3 then inhibits Bcl-2.
Bcl-2 inhibits Bax/Bak
Bax/Bac activates Cytochrome C
Cytochrome C activates Caspase Cascade leading to apoptosis.
(Activate- inhibit-inhibit-activate-inhibit-activate-activate)

Question 8

Describe the Extrinsic Pathway?

Answer 8

Death factor activates Death receptor
Death receptor activates caspase cascade leading to apoptosis
(Activate-Activate-Activate)

Question 9

Does Caspase Cascade function as an oncogene of a tumor suppressor gene?

Answer 9

It functions as a tumor suppressor gene

Question 10

What is synthetic lethality used for?

Answer 10

To get around the tumor suppressor problem