Exam 3 Balance/Posture Part 3

Question 1

T/F: At initial contact with the ground, the ankle is plantar flexed.

Answer 1

False; dorsiflexed

Question 2

Plantar flexion occurs at what ankle joint during the loading response interval? Pronation?

Answer 2

plantar flexion at talocrural;

pronation at subtalar

Question 3

T/F: At the end of the mid stance interval, the talocrural joint is maximally dorsiflexed and the subtalar joint begins to supinate.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: From the mid stance to the terminal stance interval the foot is in pronation.

Answer 4

False; in supination

Question 5

Which joint is aka talocalcaneal joint?

Answer 5

subtalar

Question 6

T/F: Plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion make up the motion of pronating the foot.

Answer 6

False; these make up supination

Question 7

T/F: Dorsiflexion, abduction and eversion make up the motion of pronating the foot.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

During Midstance, what maintains the medial arch?

Answer 8

Plantar fascia

Question 9

T/F: The plantar fascia is relaxed during the Windlass Effect.

Answer 9

False; fascia is pulled tight

Question 10

What two events are crucial in creating the “rigid lever needed for ambulation”?

Answer 10

Windlass Effect and Close Pack Position

Question 11

T/F: During the Windlass Effect, the toes are concentrically dorsiflexed.

Answer 11

False; toes are ECCENTRICALLY dorsiflexed

Question 12

T/F: During Swing Phase the semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus, and external oblique muscles are active on the contralateral side.

Answer 12

False; active on ipsilateral side

Question 13

T/F: during the swing phase, the psoas major and the quadratus lumborum help to support the pelvis on the ipsilateral side.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: During the Swing phase, the erector spinae and internal oblique are active on the ipsilateral side.

Answer 14

False; contralateral side

Question 15

T/F: During swing phase, the contralateral hip abductors provide support of the pelvis.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

During which part of the swing phase will the rectus femoris, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus, TFL, pectineus, and the short head of the biceps femoris all be active?

Answer 16

during initial swing

Question 17

What is the prime mover of the LE from the early to mid portion of the swing phase?

Answer 17

iliopsoas

Question 18

What muscles are strongly active during the terminal swing of the swing phase?

Answer 18

hamstrings and gluteus maximus (help decelerate hip flexion and knee extension)

Question 19

During the initial stance of the stance phase, what muscle supports hip extension and also rotates the pelvis externally?

Answer 19

adductor magnus

Question 20

T/F: During the mid stance of the stance phase, abductors help to stabilize the pelvis (eccentric)?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: During the terminal stance of the stance phase, the gluteus medius and minimus remain active for lateral pelvic stabilization.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

At what point of the swing phase do the quadriceps achieve peak activity?

Answer 22

during the loading response

knee extensors contract slightly at the end of the swing period prior to heel strike

Question 23

The co-activation of what muscles during the loading phase of the swing phase will aid in maintaining joint stability, by equalizing the articular surface pressure distribution, and controlling tibial translation?

Answer 23

Hamstrings

Question 24

During the swing phase, what 4 muscles contract concentrically to dorsiflex and invert the foot in preparation for the initial contact?

Answer 24

Tibialis anterior,
extensor digitorum longus (EDL),
extensor hallucis longus (EHL),
and fibularis tertius

Question 25

Does the tibialis anterior work eccentrically or concentrically when lower the foot to the ground during the loading response interval of the swing phase?

Answer 25

eccentrically

E for Ease it down; C for Come quick!

Question 26

During the swing phase, what muscle eccentrically contracts to evert the calcaneus?

Answer 26

tibialis posterior

Question 27

During the swing phase, anterior movement of the tibia and talus is controlled by the eccentric action of what muscles?

Answer 27

gastocnemius and soleus

Question 28

What muscles make up the triceps surae?

Answer 28

gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 29

T/F: Triceps surae contract concentrically from mid stance to the late stance period to control ankle dorsiflexion as the COG moves forward.

Answer 29

False; eccentrically

Question 30

T/F: At heel lift the action of the plantar flexors changes from eccentric to concentric.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What are the most important factors in absorbing the shock of impact during gait?

Answer 31

pronation of the subtalar joint and eccentric muscle actions

Question 32

What motions are slowed as the tibialis anterior eccentrically contracts?

Answer 32

plantar flexion after heel strike and pronation after heel strike

Question 33

What motions result from concentric action of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 33

dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot