Exam 3 Balance/Posture Part 3 Flashcards
T/F: At initial contact with the ground, the ankle is plantar flexed.
False; dorsiflexed
Plantar flexion occurs at what ankle joint during the loading response interval? Pronation?
plantar flexion at talocrural;
pronation at subtalar
T/F: At the end of the mid stance interval, the talocrural joint is maximally dorsiflexed and the subtalar joint begins to supinate.
True
T/F: From the mid stance to the terminal stance interval the foot is in pronation.
False; in supination
Which joint is aka talocalcaneal joint?
subtalar
T/F: Plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion make up the motion of pronating the foot.
False; these make up supination
T/F: Dorsiflexion, abduction and eversion make up the motion of pronating the foot.
True
During Midstance, what maintains the medial arch?
Plantar fascia
T/F: The plantar fascia is relaxed during the Windlass Effect.
False; fascia is pulled tight
What two events are crucial in creating the “rigid lever needed for ambulation”?
Windlass Effect and Close Pack Position
T/F: During the Windlass Effect, the toes are concentrically dorsiflexed.
False; toes are ECCENTRICALLY dorsiflexed
T/F: During Swing Phase the semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus, and external oblique muscles are active on the contralateral side.
False; active on ipsilateral side
T/F: during the swing phase, the psoas major and the quadratus lumborum help to support the pelvis on the ipsilateral side.
True
T/F: During the Swing phase, the erector spinae and internal oblique are active on the ipsilateral side.
False; contralateral side
T/F: During swing phase, the contralateral hip abductors provide support of the pelvis.
True
During which part of the swing phase will the rectus femoris, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus, TFL, pectineus, and the short head of the biceps femoris all be active?
during initial swing
What is the prime mover of the LE from the early to mid portion of the swing phase?
iliopsoas
What muscles are strongly active during the terminal swing of the swing phase?
hamstrings and gluteus maximus (help decelerate hip flexion and knee extension)
During the initial stance of the stance phase, what muscle supports hip extension and also rotates the pelvis externally?
adductor magnus
T/F: During the mid stance of the stance phase, abductors help to stabilize the pelvis (eccentric)?
True
T/F: During the terminal stance of the stance phase, the gluteus medius and minimus remain active for lateral pelvic stabilization.
True
At what point of the swing phase do the quadriceps achieve peak activity?
during the loading response
knee extensors contract slightly at the end of the swing period prior to heel strike
The co-activation of what muscles during the loading phase of the swing phase will aid in maintaining joint stability, by equalizing the articular surface pressure distribution, and controlling tibial translation?
Hamstrings
During the swing phase, what 4 muscles contract concentrically to dorsiflex and invert the foot in preparation for the initial contact?
Tibialis anterior,
extensor digitorum longus (EDL),
extensor hallucis longus (EHL),
and fibularis tertius
Does the tibialis anterior work eccentrically or concentrically when lower the foot to the ground during the loading response interval of the swing phase?
eccentrically
E for Ease it down; C for Come quick!
During the swing phase, what muscle eccentrically contracts to evert the calcaneus?
tibialis posterior
During the swing phase, anterior movement of the tibia and talus is controlled by the eccentric action of what muscles?
gastocnemius and soleus
What muscles make up the triceps surae?
gastrocnemius and soleus
T/F: Triceps surae contract concentrically from mid stance to the late stance period to control ankle dorsiflexion as the COG moves forward.
False; eccentrically
T/F: At heel lift the action of the plantar flexors changes from eccentric to concentric.
True
What are the most important factors in absorbing the shock of impact during gait?
pronation of the subtalar joint and eccentric muscle actions
What motions are slowed as the tibialis anterior eccentrically contracts?
plantar flexion after heel strike and pronation after heel strike
What motions result from concentric action of the tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
