Exam 3 Balance/Posture Part 2

Question 1

What is the term for the moment at which the heel strikes the ground?

Answer 1

heel strike/heel contact

Question 2

What is the term for the moment at which the toe leaves the ground?

Answer 2

Toe off

Question 3

What is the term for the movement of ONE lower extremity from toe off to heel contact?

Answer 3

Step

Question 4

What is the term for two steps (one with each leg)?

Answer 4

stride aka gait cycle

Question 5

What is the term for the distance from the toe of the trailing limb to the heel of the leading limb?

Answer 5

Step length

Question 6

T/F: Stride length is equal to step length.

Answer 6

False; stride length is the distance between two successive placements of the same foot or 2 step lengths (right and left)

Question 7

What is the term for the portion of one gait cycle in which both feet are in contact with the ground?

Answer 7

Double support

Question 8

What term distinguishes walking from running and is a period when neither foot is in contact with the ground?

Answer 8

Flight/Float

Question 9

What is the term for the number of steps per minute? What is the natural cadence for most people?

Answer 9

cadence;

about 120 steps/min

Question 10

What is (Cadence x stride length)/120 equal to?

Answer 10

speed

Question 11

Who will normally have a higher cadence (steps/min), men or women?

Answer 11

women (but men typically have a higher speed)

Question 12

T/F: One complete gait cycle occurs from the moment the foot first contacts the ground until that same foot again makes ground contact.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What are the two phases of bipedal gait cycle (for each limb)?

Answer 13

stance and swing

Question 14

T/F: While walking, a typical gait cycle lasts about 2 seconds.

Answer 14

False; 1 second

Question 15

Which takes longer, stance phase or swing phase?

Answer 15

stance phase

Question 16

T/F: Swing phase is a closed chain motion.

Answer 16

False; open chain

stance phase is closed chain

Question 17

How many gait cycles are performed daily, normally?

Answer 17

over 5000

Question 18

T/F: Heel strike, foot flat, mid-stance, and push-off describe the swing phase.

Answer 18

False; this describes the stance phase

Question 19

T/F: Acceleration and Deceleration take place during the swing phase.

Answer 19

True, mid-swing also takes place

Question 20

T/F: During stance phase, contact begins at heel strike, ends when the entire forefoot makes ground contact (foot flat), and makes up the first 27% of the stance phase.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The stance phase begins at heel lift and ends when?

Answer 21

ends at toe off

Question 22

T/F: Propulsion takes up the final 55% of the stance phase when running.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F: During a normal gait, the swing of the arms is in sync/phase with the legs.

Answer 23

False; out of phase

Question 24

T/F: During gait cycle, the thoracic spine and the pelvis rotate in the same direction.

Answer 24

False; opposite directions

Question 25

T/F: During gait cycle, the lumbar spine tends to rotate with the pelvis.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: During gait cycle, the shoulders and trunk rotate out of phase with each other.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F: As the right leg swings forward, the right innominate changes from a position of posterior rotation to one of anterior rotation.

Answer 27

False; as leg goes forward, innominate goes from anterior to posterior rotation

Question 28

From mid stance to terminal stance, the ilium rotates which direction?

Answer 28

from neutral to anterior rotation

Question 29

T/F: During the loading response, the sacrum rotates forward around a diagonal axis.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What two actions must the pelvis do for normal gait to occur?

Answer 30

both rotate and tilt

Question 31

What type of sign is seen as a result of a weak gluteus medius on the side of the supporting leg, resulting in dropping of the pelvis on the opposite side during gait cycle?

Answer 31

Trendelenburg Sign

Question 32

T/F: The knee flexes twice and extends twice during each gait cylce.

Answer 32

True (once during weight bearing and once during non-weight bearing)

Question 33

T/F: Hip motion occurs in all three planes during the gait cycle.

Answer 33

True