Exam 3 Balance/Posture Part 2 Flashcards
What is the term for the moment at which the heel strikes the ground?
heel strike/heel contact
What is the term for the moment at which the toe leaves the ground?
Toe off
What is the term for the movement of ONE lower extremity from toe off to heel contact?
Step
What is the term for two steps (one with each leg)?
stride aka gait cycle
What is the term for the distance from the toe of the trailing limb to the heel of the leading limb?
Step length
T/F: Stride length is equal to step length.
False; stride length is the distance between two successive placements of the same foot or 2 step lengths (right and left)
What is the term for the portion of one gait cycle in which both feet are in contact with the ground?
Double support
What term distinguishes walking from running and is a period when neither foot is in contact with the ground?
Flight/Float
What is the term for the number of steps per minute? What is the natural cadence for most people?
cadence;
about 120 steps/min
What is (Cadence x stride length)/120 equal to?
speed
Who will normally have a higher cadence (steps/min), men or women?
women (but men typically have a higher speed)
T/F: One complete gait cycle occurs from the moment the foot first contacts the ground until that same foot again makes ground contact.
True
What are the two phases of bipedal gait cycle (for each limb)?
stance and swing
T/F: While walking, a typical gait cycle lasts about 2 seconds.
False; 1 second
Which takes longer, stance phase or swing phase?
stance phase
T/F: Swing phase is a closed chain motion.
False; open chain
stance phase is closed chain
How many gait cycles are performed daily, normally?
over 5000
T/F: Heel strike, foot flat, mid-stance, and push-off describe the swing phase.
False; this describes the stance phase
T/F: Acceleration and Deceleration take place during the swing phase.
True, mid-swing also takes place
T/F: During stance phase, contact begins at heel strike, ends when the entire forefoot makes ground contact (foot flat), and makes up the first 27% of the stance phase.
True
The stance phase begins at heel lift and ends when?
ends at toe off
T/F: Propulsion takes up the final 55% of the stance phase when running.
True
T/F: During a normal gait, the swing of the arms is in sync/phase with the legs.
False; out of phase
T/F: During gait cycle, the thoracic spine and the pelvis rotate in the same direction.
False; opposite directions
T/F: During gait cycle, the lumbar spine tends to rotate with the pelvis.
True
T/F: During gait cycle, the shoulders and trunk rotate out of phase with each other.
True
T/F: As the right leg swings forward, the right innominate changes from a position of posterior rotation to one of anterior rotation.
False; as leg goes forward, innominate goes from anterior to posterior rotation
From mid stance to terminal stance, the ilium rotates which direction?
from neutral to anterior rotation
T/F: During the loading response, the sacrum rotates forward around a diagonal axis.
True
What two actions must the pelvis do for normal gait to occur?
both rotate and tilt
What type of sign is seen as a result of a weak gluteus medius on the side of the supporting leg, resulting in dropping of the pelvis on the opposite side during gait cycle?
Trendelenburg Sign
T/F: The knee flexes twice and extends twice during each gait cylce.
True (once during weight bearing and once during non-weight bearing)
T/F: Hip motion occurs in all three planes during the gait cycle.
True
