Exam 2 Cervical Spine Part 2

Question 1

Where is X-axis rotation greatest in the lower cervical spine? least?

Answer 1

C4-C5/C5-C6

C7-T1

Question 2

Where in the lower cervical spine is Y-axis rotation the most limited? Greatest?

Answer 2

C7-T1

C3-C6

Question 3

T/F: Y-axis rotation at C2-C3 is greater than at C3-C4.

Answer 3

False; greatest from C3-C6

Question 4

Where in the lower cervical spine is Z-axis rotation the greatest? least?

Answer 4

C3-C5

C7-T1

Question 5

During lateral bending of the cervical spine, what motion is coupled with +thetaZ? -thetaZ?

Answer 5

+thetaZ with -thetaY

-thetaZ with +thetaY

Question 6

T/F: There is more rotation with lateral bending in the lower cervicals.

Answer 6

False; more in the upper

Question 7

In addition to the cervical spine, what other area of the spine do the spinous processes rotate to the contralateral side during lateral bending?

Answer 7

lumbar

Question 8

Where are the steepest arches of curvature (during flexion/extension)? Flatest?

Answer 8

steepest at C6 and C7;

Flat at C2

Question 9

What ailment decreases the acuity of the ThetaX arc of curvature?

Answer 9

degeneration

Question 10

What orthogonal motion is limited by the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament? Intertransverse ligament?

Answer 10

Neg. Theta X (extension);
Theta Z (Contralateral lateral flexion )

Question 11

Which surfaces of the lower cervical vertebral bodies are sellar or saddle-shaped?

Answer 11

Superior and inferior surfaces

Question 12

T/F: The shape of the lower cervical bodies reduces X axis rotation.

Answer 12

False; promote X axis rotation

Question 13

T/F: The shape of the lower cervical bodies reduces X axis translation.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: In the cervical spine, axial rotation about a longitudinal axis and lateral rotation about a sagittal axis are unnatural and not pure movements. For this reason, they are always coupled with one another.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What motion is limited by the uncinate processes?

Answer 15

lateral flexion

Question 16

Which area of the annulus is thickest and strongest in the cervical spine acting like an interosseous ligament?

Answer 16

anterior annulus

Question 17

T/F: The Facet Joints (Z-Joints) in the cervical spine are teardrop-shaped and angled at an average of 60 degrees between the coronal and transverse planes.

Answer 17

False; 45 degrees

Question 18

What are the articular processes of the Facet joints covered with?

Answer 18

1-2 mm of hyaline cartilage

Question 19

What is Facet orienation (angle) of the upper cervical spine? lower cervical spine? average of all cervicals?

Answer 19

35 degrees
65 degrees
45 degrees

Question 20

T/F: The superior facet orientation is the cervical spine is Anterior, inferior, and lateral.

Answer 20

False; this is true of the inferior facet orientation. Superior facets are opposite.

Question 21

T/F: Aging thins the subarticular bone and thickens the articular cartilage of the Z Joint after about age 20.

Answer 21

False; thins cartilage and thickens subarticular bone. also osteophytes form

Question 22

What is the term for sensory perception of movement or position within the body?

Answer 22

Proprioception

Question 23

What are the 3 most important structures for cervical spine proprioception?

Answer 23

IVD, Facet joints, and Cervical musculature

Question 24

In a typical cervical IVD, is the nucleus innervated?

Answer 24

No.

Question 25

What is likely the source of innervation for the IVD, primarily the annulus fibrosus?

Answer 25

Ventral Primary Ramus

Question 26

Which layers of the IVD show receptors resembling PAcinian corpuscles? Golgi Tendon Organs?

Answer 26

Pacinian (Type II) =superficial layers

GTOs (Type III) =Deeper layers

Question 27

T/F: The majority of Facet Joint Mechanoreceptors resemble Type III (GTOs).

Answer 27

False; Type II (Pacinian corpuscles)

Question 28

Which type of mechanoreceptors are rapid adapting, have a low threshold, and have an afferent ending?

Answer 28

Type II (Pacinian corpuscles)

Question 29

T/F: There is no apparent difference in the distribution of receptors within the facet capsules of the upper cervical versus the lower cervical spine.

Answer 29

True