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Microbiology And Immunology > Exam 3 - 14-16 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - 14-16 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are transient microbiota

A

Stays in a region for variable amount of time

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1
Q

What are normal microbiota

A

Specific to a certain region of the body and nonpathogenic

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2
Q

What are microbial antagonism

A

Normal microbiota inhibiting growth of pathogenic microbiota

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3
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Relationship between micro organisms

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4
Q

What is commensalism

A

Host benefits but parasite is unaffected

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5
Q

What is mutualism

A

Both host and parasite mutually benefit

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6
Q

What is parasitism

A

Parasite benefits and host is affected

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7
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen

A

A normal micro organism becoming pathogenic

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8
Q

What is the syndrome

A

Signs and symptoms

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9
Q

What is Koch’s postulates

A

Inoculate disease from dead animal. Culture plus microscope to identify. Inject lab animal with pure culture. Culture new animals disease plus microscope to identify.
If they match then you found a disease.

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10
Q

What are signs

A

What you see you

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11
Q

What are symptoms

A

What you feel

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12
Q

What is a communicable disease

A

Spreads from one organism to another

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13
Q

What is a contagious disease

A

Easily spreads from one organism to another

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14
Q

What is a non-communicable disease

A

Doesn’t always cause disease or symptoms. Not from people i.e. doorknob

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15
Q

What is a sporadic disease

A

And outbreak that pops up occasionally

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16
Q

What is an endemic disease

A

Disease that is constantly present in an environment

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17
Q

What is an epidemic disease

A

Widespread disease in a given area

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18
Q

What is a pandemic disease

A

Widespread disease around the world

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19
Q

What does acute mean

A

Short and sudden

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20
Q

What does chronic mean

A

Slow and long

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21
Q

What does sub acute mean

A

Between acute and chronic. Intermediate

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22
Q

What does latent mean

A

Disease that is dormant and arises suddenly due to stress in the body

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23
Q

What is incidence

A

Number of people with the disease in a given area at a given time

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24
Q

What is prevalence

A

Percent chance of infection in any given population

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25
Q

What is herd immunity

A

When few animals are vaccinated the rest end up becoming immune due to low incidence

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26
Q

What is local infection

A

In a limited area of the body

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27
Q

What is systemic infection

A

The whole body is affected

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28
Q

What is focal infection

A

Started in one area but moves to another

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29
Q

What is sepsis

A

Information from the spread of microbes that may or may not be toxic

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30
Q

What is bacteremia

A

Bacteria in the blood

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31
Q

What is toxemia

A

Toxins in the blood

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32
Q

What is virusemia

A

Viruses in the blood

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33
Q

What is the primary infection

A

The first infection you

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34
Q

What is secondary infection

A

Secondary infection that occurs due to immunocompromised health

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35
Q

What are the four predisposing factors for disease

A

Temperature, age, stress, lifestyle

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36
Q

What is a subclinical infection

A

And asymptomatic infection. The carrier

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37
Q

What are the five stages of disease and describe each one

A

Incubation period: asymptomatic. Prodromal.: Mild symptoms.
Period of illness: very sick.
Period of decline: almost not sick. Period of convalescence: not sick anymore.

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38
Q

What is a reservoir

A

A source of an infection

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39
Q

What is a carrier

A

Infected individual but asymptomatic

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40
Q

What is a vector

A

The source of infection i.e. fleas

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41
Q

What is a zoonosis

A

Disease transmissible from animal to human and vice versa

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42
Q

What is a nonliving reservoir

A

I.e. soil

43
Q

What is contact transmission

A

When one animals body fluids are going into another mucous membrane

44
Q

What is indirect transmission

A

Nonliving reservoir

45
Q

What is a fomite

A

I.e. doorknob

46
Q

What is droplet transmission

A

Spread by droplets

47
Q

What is waterborne transmission

A

Carried by water

48
Q

What is airborne transmission

A

Carried by air

49
Q

What is mechanical transmission

A

Transmission by touching IE fly

50
Q

What is biological transmission

A

Blood touching infected blood IE mosquito

51
Q

What is nosocomical

A

Disease coming from a clinic

52
Q

What is a compromise host

A

A host that has a change in homeostasis

53
Q

What is epidemiology

A

Study of disease transmission

54
Q

What is morbidity

A

The incidence of disease. To which extent the disease affects you

55
Q

What is mortality.

A

The incidence of death from a disease

56
Q

What is Virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity

57
Q

What are the portals of transmission

A

Skin, mucous membranes, umbilical cord

58
Q

What is the preferred portal of entry

A

Specific to bacteria. If it is not the preferred portal and it will not make you sick

59
Q

What is id50

A

Quantity of bacteria that gets you sick.

60
Q

What is LD50

A

Amount of bacteria that is required to be the lethal dose for 50% of host cells

61
Q

What is adherence

A

Organisms that attach to host

62
Q

What are adhesians

A

Ligans. Molecule in host that allows attachment of bacteria

63
Q

What is a biofilm

A

Produce a sticky substance that increases adherence

64
Q

What do bacteria do to affect penetration

A 
Capsule, 
cell wall components
Enzymes
Antigenic variation 
Cytoskeleton penetration
65
Q

What is an M protein

A

Resistant to host defences

66
Q

What are coagulases

A

Break down components of clots

67
Q

What are kinases

A

Breakdown components of clots

68
Q

What are hyaluronidase

A

Break down connective tissue

69
Q

What is iga protease

A

Beaks down antibodies

70
Q

What is antigenic variation

A

When bacteria change proteins on their surface

71
Q

What do invasions do

A

Affect cytoskeleton of cells

72
Q

What do siderophores do

A

Steal host iron

73
Q

What does direct damage to host cells

A

Multiplication inside of them until they rupture

74
Q

What is an endotoxins from

A

Part of microbe

75
Q

What is an exotoxins

A

Released by bacteria

76
Q

What is innate immunity

A

Nonspecific, born with it

77
Q

What is adaptive immunity

A

Specific. Acquired

78
Q

What is the first line of defense

A

How it gets in. Nonspecific physical and chemical surface barriers

79
Q

What is the second line of defense

A

Nonspecific intercellular and chemical defense

80
Q

What is the third line of defense

A

Immune response

81
Q

What is chemo taxis

A

Moving towards chemicals

82
Q

What are toll like receptors

A

Receptors found on the cells of a host

83
Q

What is PAMP

A

Molecules on Invadir that allows body to recognize that it’s foreign

84
Q

What are the surface barriers

A

Skin, mucous membranes

85
Q

What are the internal defense

A

Phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever

86
Q

What is humoral immunity

A

B cells

87
Q

What is cellular immunity

A

T cells

88
Q

What is the ciliary elevator

A

Cilia moves mucus up the respiratory tract

89
Q

What is the normal microbiota

A

Having normal microbiota inhibits growth of abnormal microbiota

90
Q

What are the three granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

91
Q

What are the three agranulocyte’s

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes, Dendridic cells

92
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system

A

Drain fluid from tissues

93
Q

What are the four stages of inflammation

A

Tissue damage,
vasodilation,
phagocytosis,
tissue repair

94
Q

What is diapedesis

A

Movement of leukocytes out of the capillories between epithelial cells

95
Q

What effect does vasodilation have on the body

A

Increased blood flow, increased metabolic rate

96
Q

What is kinins

A

Chemicals that cause vasodilation and increased permeability

97
Q

Where are prostaglandins released by and what are they do

A

Damage to cells, help Phagocytes movement

98
Q

What do leukotrienes do

A

Help blood get anti-inflammatories

99
Q

What is the purpose of the fever

A

Macro phages secrete pyrogens which cause the liver and spleen to give up iron and zinc which is necessary for growth

100
Q

What is opsonization

A

The coating of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis

101
Q

What is inflammation

A

Triggers vasodilation and chemo taxis

102
Q

What is Cytolysis

A

Injection into pathogen cell membrane (MAC molecule) that creates pores

103
Q

What do interferons do

A

Proteins released by the virus-infected cells which prevent viral replication in other host cells

104
Q

What do you iron binding proteins do and which are they

A

Find iron so bacteria cannot have it. Transferon, lactoferon, feratin, hemoglobin

Microbiology And Immunology (23 decks)

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