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Microbiology And Immunology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What do micro organisms do

A

Help maintain the balance of living organisms and chemicals in our environment

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1
Q

What are microbes and micro organisms

A

Minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa and microscopic algae and viruses

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2
Q

What do soil microbes do

A

Breakdown waste and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds’s

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3
Q

What does pathogenic mean

A

Disease causing

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4
Q

What are some benefits of microbes

A

Makes food, clothing

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5
Q

What’s the genus

A

The first name which is capitalized

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6
Q

What is the specific epithet

A

The species name which is not capitalized

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7
Q

What are bacteria

A

Relatively simple, single celled organisms. Unicellular

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8
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

Bacterial cells which includes bacteria and Archaea

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9
Q

What is Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

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10
Q

What is coccus

A

Spherical shaped bacteria

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11
Q

What is spirilli

A

Corkscrew shaped bacteria

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12
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

They reproduce by binary fission

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13
Q

How do bacteria move

A

They moved by use of their flagella and cilia

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14
Q

What are bacterial cell walls composed of

A

They are composed of peptidoglycan

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15
Q

What is archaea

A

Consists of prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan

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16
Q

What is methanogens

A

Produce methane as a waste product from respiration

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17
Q

What are extreme halophiles

A

Salt loving bacteria

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18
Q

What are extreme thermophiles

A

Live-in hot, sulfurous water

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19
Q

What are fungi

A

Eukaryotes, organisms whose cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cells DNA surrounded by the nuclear membrane

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20
Q

What is the fungi cell wall composed of

A

Chitin

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21
Q

What are masses of fungi called

A

Mycelia

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22
Q

What is hyphae

A

The long filaments on fungi

23
Q

What is Protozoa

A

Unicellular eukaryotic microbes that move by pseudopods flagella or cilia

24
Q

How do protozoa live

A

They can live as free entities or as parasites that feed off of their host

25
Q

What is algae

A

Photosynthetic eukaryotes that are both sexual and asexual. Their cell walls are composed of cellulose

26
Q

What is a virus

A

Contains the core of one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA her. Court is surrounded by a protein coat and a lipid membrane called an envelope

27
Q

What are helminths

A

Flatworms and roundworms

28
Q

How do you classify bacteria

A

The cell walls contain a protein carbohydrate complex called peptidoglycan

29
Q

How do you classify Archaea

A

The cell walls, if present, lack of peptidoglycan

30
Q

How do you classify eukarya

A

Protists are slime molds protozoa and algae. Fungi are unicellular yeast, multicellular molds and mushrooms. Plants are mosses, firms, cornifers and flowering plants. Animals are sponges, worms, insects, vertebrates

31
Q

What is cell theory

A

All living things are composed of cells. All cells come from previous cells

32
Q

What is biogenesis

A

Living cells can arise only from pre-existing living cells

33
Q

What is aseptic technique’s

A

Prevent contamination by unwanted microbes

34
Q

What is fermentation

A

Yeasts convert the sugars to alcohol in the absence of air

35
Q

What is Pasteurization

A

Heat just enough to kill most of the bacteria that causes spoilage

36
Q

What is the germ theory of disease

A

Micro organisms may cause disease

37
Q

What is immunity

A

Protection from disease provided by a vaccination

38
Q

What is vaccine

A

Cultures of avirulent microorganisms use for preventative inoculations

39
Q

What is chemotherapy

A

Treatment of disease by using chemical substances

40
Q

What is antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms

41
Q

What is synthetic drugs

A

Chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

42
Q

What is bacteriology

A

The study of bacteria

43
Q

What is mycology

A

The study of fungi

44
Q

What is Parasitology

A

Study of protozoa and parasitic worms

45
Q

What is genomics

A

The study of all organisms genes

46
Q

What is immunology

A

The study of immunity

47
Q

What is virology

A

The study of viruses

48
Q

What is recombinant DNA

A

Fragments of human and animal DNA that codes for proteins attached to bacteria DNA. Can be used to make large quantities of desired protein

49
Q

What is microbial genetics

A

Studies the mechanisms by which micro organisms inherit traits

50
Q

What is molecular biology

A

Studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

51
Q

What is microbial ecology

A

The study of the relationship between micro organisms and their environment

52
Q

What is bioremediation

A

Using bacteria to break down pollutants

53
Q

What is biotechnology

A

The commercial use of micro organisms to produce foods and chemicals

54
Q

What is gene therapy

A

Inserting a missing genes or replacing the defective one in human cells

55
Q

What is an infectious disease

A

Disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host

Microbiology And Immunology (23 decks)

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