Chapter 1 Flashcards
What do micro organisms do
Help maintain the balance of living organisms and chemicals in our environment
What are microbes and micro organisms
Minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa and microscopic algae and viruses
What do soil microbes do
Breakdown waste and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds’s
What does pathogenic mean
Disease causing
What are some benefits of microbes
Makes food, clothing
What’s the genus
The first name which is capitalized
What is the specific epithet
The species name which is not capitalized
What are bacteria
Relatively simple, single celled organisms. Unicellular
What are prokaryotes
Bacterial cells which includes bacteria and Archaea
What is Bacillus
Rod shaped bacteria
What is coccus
Spherical shaped bacteria
What is spirilli
Corkscrew shaped bacteria
How do bacteria reproduce
They reproduce by binary fission
How do bacteria move
They moved by use of their flagella and cilia
What are bacterial cell walls composed of
They are composed of peptidoglycan
What is archaea
Consists of prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan
What is methanogens
Produce methane as a waste product from respiration
What are extreme halophiles
Salt loving bacteria
What are extreme thermophiles
Live-in hot, sulfurous water
What are fungi
Eukaryotes, organisms whose cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cells DNA surrounded by the nuclear membrane
What is the fungi cell wall composed of
Chitin
What are masses of fungi called
Mycelia
What is hyphae
The long filaments on fungi
What is Protozoa
Unicellular eukaryotic microbes that move by pseudopods flagella or cilia
How do protozoa live
They can live as free entities or as parasites that feed off of their host
What is algae
Photosynthetic eukaryotes that are both sexual and asexual. Their cell walls are composed of cellulose
What is a virus
Contains the core of one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA her. Court is surrounded by a protein coat and a lipid membrane called an envelope
What are helminths
Flatworms and roundworms
How do you classify bacteria
The cell walls contain a protein carbohydrate complex called peptidoglycan
How do you classify Archaea
The cell walls, if present, lack of peptidoglycan
How do you classify eukarya
Protists are slime molds protozoa and algae. Fungi are unicellular yeast, multicellular molds and mushrooms. Plants are mosses, firms, cornifers and flowering plants. Animals are sponges, worms, insects, vertebrates
What is cell theory
All living things are composed of cells. All cells come from previous cells
What is biogenesis
Living cells can arise only from pre-existing living cells
What is aseptic technique’s
Prevent contamination by unwanted microbes
What is fermentation
Yeasts convert the sugars to alcohol in the absence of air
What is Pasteurization
Heat just enough to kill most of the bacteria that causes spoilage
What is the germ theory of disease
Micro organisms may cause disease
What is immunity
Protection from disease provided by a vaccination
What is vaccine
Cultures of avirulent microorganisms use for preventative inoculations
What is chemotherapy
Treatment of disease by using chemical substances
What is antibiotics
Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms
What is synthetic drugs
Chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory
What is bacteriology
The study of bacteria
What is mycology
The study of fungi
What is Parasitology
Study of protozoa and parasitic worms
What is genomics
The study of all organisms genes
What is immunology
The study of immunity
What is virology
The study of viruses
What is recombinant DNA
Fragments of human and animal DNA that codes for proteins attached to bacteria DNA. Can be used to make large quantities of desired protein
What is microbial genetics
Studies the mechanisms by which micro organisms inherit traits
What is molecular biology
Studies how genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
What is microbial ecology
The study of the relationship between micro organisms and their environment
What is bioremediation
Using bacteria to break down pollutants
What is biotechnology
The commercial use of micro organisms to produce foods and chemicals
What is gene therapy
Inserting a missing genes or replacing the defective one in human cells
What is an infectious disease
Disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host
