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Microbiology And Immunology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is catabolism

A

Enzyme regulated chemical reactions that release energy (the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller compounds)

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1
Q

What is a metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism

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2
Q

What is anabolism

A

Enzyme regulated energy requiring reactions (build complex organic molecules from simpler ones)

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3
Q

What are metabolic pathways

A

Sequences of chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is activation energy

A

Collision energy required for a chemical reaction

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5
Q

What is a reaction rate

A

Frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to bring about a reaction

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6
Q

What is a catalyst

A

Substance that speed up chemical reactions

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7
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Biological catalyst

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8
Q

What is a substrate

A

Specific substrate for a specific enzyme

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9
Q

What is an enzyme-substrate complex

A

When enzyme orients the substrate into a position that increases the probability of a reaction

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10
Q

What is a turnover number

A

Maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme molecule converts to product each second

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11
Q

What is an apoenzyme

A

Protein portion of an enzyme

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12
Q

What is a cofactors

A

A nonprotein component

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13
Q

What is a coenzyme

A

Is a cofactors is an organic molecule

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14
Q

What is a haloenzyme

A

Whole enzyme (apoenzyme + cofactor)

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15
Q

What is CoA

A

Synthesize and breakdown fats

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16
Q

What is denaturation

A

Loss of structure due to heat

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17
Q

What does saturated mean

A

All active sites are occupied

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18
Q

What are competitive inhibitors

A

Fill active site of an enzyme and competes with normal substrate

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19
Q

What is a noncompetitive inhibitor

A

Don’t compete with substrate. Interacts with another portion of the enzyme

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20
Q

What is allosteric inhibition

A

Binds to site other than the substrates binding site

21
Q

What is feedback inhibition

A

Stops cell from making more substances than it needs

22
Q

What is a ribozyme

A

RNA that functions like protein enzymes

23
Q

What is oxidation

A

Removal of electrons

24
Q

What is reduction

A

Gain of electron

25
Q

What is dehydrogenation

A

Loss of hydrogen atoms

26
Q

What is phosphorylation

A

Addition of phosphate group

27
Q

What is the electron transport chain

A

Electron carrier sequences

28
Q

What is photophosphorylation

A

Photosynthetic cells use of phosphorylation

29
Q

What is carbohydrate catabolism

A

Breakdown of carbohydrate molecules

30
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid

31
Q

What is enther-doudoroff pathway

A

Produces 2 NADPH and 1 ATP

32
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

ATP generating process

33
Q

What is aerobe

A

Uses oxygen

34
Q

What is an anaerobe

A

Does not use oxygen

35
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

Final electron receptor is O2

36
Q

What is anerobic respiration

A

Final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule

37
Q

What is the kerbs cycle

A

Cycle where the potential chemical energy stored in acetyl CoA is released step by step

38
Q

What is decarboxylation

A

Loss of one CO2

39
Q

What is the electron transport chain

A

Carrier molecules that are capable of oxidation and reduction

40
Q

What is flavoproteins

A

Proteins containing flavin

41
Q

What is cytochromes

A

Proteins with iron containing group

42
Q

What is ubiquinones

A

Non protein carriers

43
Q

What is chemiosmosis

A

ATP synthesis using electron transport chain

44
Q

What is fermentation

A

Release of energy from sugars. Anaerobic.

45
Q

What is lactic acid fermentation

A

Glucose oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid

46
Q

What is alcohol fermentation

A

Glycolysis of glucose ➡️ 2 pyruvic acid and 2 ATP

47
Q

What is heterolactic

A

Produces lactic acid

48
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Synthesis of organic compounds

49
Q

What is carbon fixation

A

Synthesis of sugars by use of CO2

Microbiology And Immunology (23 decks)

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