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Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 > Exam 2 - Textbook Terms Chapters 9 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Textbook Terms Chapters 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

time. The group of prospective jurors that shows up is called the __________

A

venire

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2
Q

__________ A method to make jury service less burdensome. Potential jurors make themselves available for one day; if they are selected to serve on a jury, they are done when that trial is over; if they are not selected, they are done.

A

one day or one trial system

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3
Q

__________ A challenge to dismiss a potential juror during voir dire because of bias or prejudice that makes the juror unable to render an impartial verdict.

A

challenge for cause

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4
Q

challenge for cause - A challenge to dismiss a potential juror during __________ because of bias or prejudice that makes the juror unable to render an __________ verdict.

A
  • voir dire

- impartial

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5
Q

__________ A challenge to dismiss potential jurors without giving a reason and without approval from the judge; each attorney has a small number of peremptory challenges.

A

peremptory challenge

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6
Q

peremptory challenge - A challenge to dismiss potential jurors without giving a reason and without __________ from the judge; each attorney has a small number of peremptory challenges.

A

approval

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7
Q 
Jury pool ->
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ->
Venire ->
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ->
Jury ->
A
  • Sample

- Voir Dire

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8
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ->
Sample ->
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ->
Voir Dire ->
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ->
A
  • Jury pool
  • Venire
  • Jury
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9
Q

__________ - In high-stakes trials, a group of people who are selected to match the demographics of the actual jury and may sit in the courtroom during trial. This surrogate jury provides feedback to the attorneys about their reactions to the evidence.

A

shadow jury

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10
Q

shadow jury - In high-stakes trials, a group of people who are selected to match the demographics of the actual jury and may sit in the courtroom during trial. This __________ jury provides feedback to the attorneys about their reactions to the __________ .

A
  • surrogate

- evidence

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11
Q

__________ (free of charge)

A

pro bono

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12
Q

__________ - Selecting people to serve on a jury through the systematic application of social scientific expertise.

A

scientific jury selection

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13
Q

scientific jury selection - Selecting people to serve on a jury through the systematic application of __________ scientific expertise.

A

social

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14
Q

__________ - A statistical technique that combines a large group of variables to predict an outcome variable. For example, multiple regression might be used to try to predict the verdicts of juries by using the characteristics of jurors as predictor variables.

A

multiple regression

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15
Q

multiple regression - A statistical technique that combines a large group of variables to predict an __________ variable. For example, multiple regression might be used to try to predict the verdicts of juries by using the __________ of jurors as predictor variables.

A
  • outcome

- characteristics

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16
Q

__________ - How people tend to explain what happens to them by locating the cause of behavior either internally or externally.

A

locus of control

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17
Q

locus of control - How people tend to explain what happens to them by locating the cause of behavior either __________ or __________

A
  • internally

- externally.

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18
Q

__________ - A characteristic of people who tend to see their outcomes in life as due to their own abilities or

A

internal locus of control

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19
Q

__________ - A characteristic of people who see their outcomes in life as due to forces outside them.

A

external locus of control

20
Q

__________- The tendency for people to believe that “people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.”

A

belief in a just world

21
Q

__________ - A personality trait with the following characteristics: conventional values, rigid beliefs, intolerance of weakness, identification with and submission to authority figures, and suspicion of and punitive attitude toward people who violate established norms and rules.

A

authoritarianism

22
Q

authoritarianism - A personality trait with the following characteristics: conventional values, rigid beliefs, intolerance of weakness, identification with and submission to __________ figures, and suspicion of and punitive attitude toward people who violate established norms and rules.

A

authority

23
Q

__________ - A scale developed to assess attitudes that might be related to verdicts in criminal trials. Using a Likert scale, it measures responses to 30 statements about the legal process.

A

Revised Legal Attitudes Questionnaire (RLAQ)

24
Q

Revised Legal Attitudes Questionnaire (RLAQ) - A scale developed to assess attitudes that might be related to verdicts in criminal trials. Using a __________ scale, it measures responses to ___ statements about the legal process.

A
  • Likert

- 30

25
Q

__________ - A multipoint scale that measures a person’s level of agreement to a question; it typically ranges from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.”

A

Likert scale

26
Q

__________ - A scale developed to measure jurors’ beliefs about how likely it is that someone who is on trial for a crime actually committed that crime and how certain a juror needs to be before convicting a defendant. The scale also measures general cynicism about the legal system and has been shown to predict how a juror will eventually vote.

A

Juror Bias Scale (JBS)

27
Q

Juror Bias Scale (JBS) - A scale developed to measure jurors’ beliefs about how likely it is that someone who is on trial for a crime actually __________ that crime and how certain a juror needs to be before convicting a defendant. The scale also measures general __________ about the legal system and has been shown to predict how a juror will eventually vote.

A
  • committed

- cynicism

28
Q

__________ - Trials in which a plaintiff sues a defendant for an alleged harm. If the defendant is found liable, monetary damages are typically awarded.

A

civil trials

29
Q

__________ - A sum of money awarded to a plaintiff in a civil case for the purpose of compensating the plaintiff for losses caused by the defendant.

A

compensatory damages

30
Q

__________ - In a civil case, damages (monetary fines) awarded to the plaintiff for the purpose of punishing the defendant for irresponsible or malicious conduct and to discourage others from behaving similarly.

A

punitive damages

31
Q

punitive damages - In a civil case, damages (monetary fines) awarded to the plaintiff for the purpose of punishing the __________ for irresponsible or malicious conduct and to discourage others from behaving similarly.

A

defendant

32
Q

compensatory damages - A sum of money awarded to a plaintiff in a civil case for the purpose of compensating the plaintiff for __________ caused by the defendant.

A

losses

33
Q

__________ - A scale consisting of 16 items designed to measure attitudes about the appropriate role of government in regulating businesses, appropriate standards for workplace and product safety, and whether or not most civil suits are justified.

A

Civil Trial Bias Scale

34
Q

Civil Trial Bias Scale - A scale consisting of 16 items designed to measure attitudes about the appropriate role of __________ in regulating businesses, appropriate standards for workplace and product safety, and whether or not most civil suits are __________

A
  • government

- justified

35
Q

__________ - A prediction that jurors who are similar to the defendant will empathize and identify with the defendant and thus be less likely to convict.

A

similarity– leniency hypothesis

36
Q

similarity– leniency hypothesis - A prediction that jurors who are similar to the defendant will empathize and __________ with the defendant and thus be less likely to convict.

A

identify

37
Q

__________ - The coverage of a high-profile case in the media before the trial even begins.

A

pretrial publicity

38
Q

__________ A process by which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a less serious charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence than he or she might receive if the case went to trial.

A

plea bargaining

39
Q

__________ - Moving a trial to a community that has not been exposed to pretrial publicity and its potentially biasing effects.

A

change of venue

40
Q

__________ Statements made by attorneys for both sides at the beginning of a trial. These statements highlight the issues at stake and provide jurors with an overview of evidence that will be heard.

A

opening statements

41
Q

__________ - In a court of law, the duty of one party to prove its case.

A

burden of proof

42
Q

__________ -The questioning conducted by an attorney of his or her own witness.

A

direct examination

43
Q

__________ - The questioning of the opposing side’s witness.

A

cross-examine

44
Q

__________ - The questioning of an opposing attorney’s witness after direct examination, cross-examination, and redirect examination.

A

recross examination

45
Q

__________ - The questioning conducted by an attorney of his or her own witness after cross-examination.

A

redirect examination

46
Q

__________ - A challenge to dismiss a potential juror during voir dire because of bias or prejudice that makes the juror unable to render an impartial verdict.

A

challenge for cause

Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 (18 decks)

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