Exam 1 - Textbook Terms Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 7

Question 1

__________- An early twentieth-century movement that attempted to redefine the purpose of law. It was based on the idea that social policy goals and research evidence should play major roles in judicial decisions.

Answer 1

legal realism

Question 2

psychology tells us how people __________ behave, and the law tells us how people __________ behave.

Answer 2

• actually

- ought to

Question 3

__________- Past judicial decisions that guide judges in making future decisions about similar legal issues.

Answer 3

precedents

Question 4

__________- (“ Let the decision stand”) The principle that future judicial decisions should be based on precedent.

Answer 4

stare decisis

Question 5

__________- The criminal act of persuading or purposefully allowing another person to lie about a material issue while under oath.

Answer 5

suborning perjury

Question 6

__________- Judges, in their role of using certain criteria to assess the scientific validity of potential testimony to determine whether such testimony should be heard at trial.

Answer 6

gatekeepers

Question 7

__________ A neutral point of view in a video recording showing both the suspect and the interrogator. Compared to a suspect-only perspective, this positioning of the camera better enables jurors to assess the voluntariness of the confession and the coerciveness of the interrogation.

Answer 7

equal-focus camera perspective

Question 8

equal-focus camera perspective -

A neutral point of view in a video recording showing both the suspect and the interrogator. Compared to a suspect-only perspective, this positioning of the camera better enables jurors to assess the __________ of the confession and the __________ of the interrogation.

Answer 8

• voluntariness

- coerciveness

Question 9

__________ — the tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to dispositional causes (traits, personality) and to dismiss the situational pressures acting on the person.

Answer 9

fundamental attribution error

Question 10

__________ That is, the process of interrogation results in a breakdown of self-regulation— the ability to control our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in pursuit of our goals.

Answer 10

interrogation-related regulatory decline

Question 11

Miranda rights

(1) You have the right to remain __________ . Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law.
(2) You have the right to have an attorney present during questioning.
(3) If you cannot afford an attorney, you have the right to have an attorney appointed to you __________ to questioning.
(4) Do you understand these rights as I have explained them to you?

Answer 11

• silent

- prior

Question 12

Miranda rights

(1) You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law.
(2) You have the right to have an __________ present during questioning.
(3) If you cannot afford an attorney, you have the right to have an attorney appointed to you prior to questioning.
(4) Do you __________ these rights as I have explained them to you?

Answer 12

• attorney

- understand

Question 13

Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE)

made it illegal to __________ suspects or lie about evidence as a means of inducing suspects to __________ .

Answer 13

• trick

- confess

Question 14

__________ A lie detection technique that uses systematic analysis of written descriptions of events to assess the truthfulness of witnesses.

Answer 14

criteria-based content analysis (CBCA)

Question 15

__________ sometimes called the concealed information test). The GKT makes use of polygraph equipment but does not attempt to detect lies.

Answer 15

guilty knowledge test (GKT;

Question 16

__________ Factors that are outside the control of the legal system and that are related to the accuracy of an eyewitness identification (e.g., weapon focus, lighting conditions, etc.).

Answer 16

estimator variables