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Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 > Exam 2 - Lecture's 9 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Lecture's 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most court cases involving children:

  • __________ and/or physical abuse
  • Most with a __________/relative
A
  • Sexual

- parent

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2
Q

US constitution mandates that defendants have the right to confront their __________

A

accusers

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3
Q

Maryland v Craig 1990 – Children need not be physically __________ (general demeanor observable)

A

present

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4
Q

Crawford v __________ 2004 – Hearsay no longer permitted unless defendant has chance to cross examine
-Forces children to be present/testify in open court

A

Washington

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5
Q

Crawford v Washington 2004 – Hearsay no longer permitted unless defendant has chance to __________
-Forces children to be present/testify in open court

A

cross examine

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6
Q

Crawford v Washington 2004 – Hearsay no longer permitted unless defendant has chance to cross examine
-Forces children to be present/________ in open court

A

testify

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7
Q

-Psychological consequences of testifying in cases of Sexual Abuse -

Greater __________ disturbance
–Stronger when taking stand multiple times, deprived of maternal support, lacked corroboration

A

behavioral

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8
Q

-Psychological consequences of testifying in cases of Sexual Abuse -

Greater behavioral disturbance
–Stronger when taking stand __________ times, deprived of __________ support, lacked corroboration

A
  • multiple

- maternal

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9
Q
  • Psychological consequences of testifying in cases of Sexual Abuse -
  • Greatest reported fear = Facing the __________ in court
A

defendant

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10
Q

-Child Witnesses as Legal Actors-

Poorer mental health/greater likelihood __________ disorder

A

psychological

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11
Q

-Child Witnesses as Legal Actors-

Poorer current __________

A

functioning

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12
Q

-Child Witnesses as Legal Actors-

Greater distress in court predicted poorer adjustment – more negative attitudes about __________

A

legal system

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13
Q

-Child Witnesses as Legal Actors-

CC TV Studies–

  • -Found children were less __________
  • -Calmer more coherent testimony
  • -Jurors…still preferred ______ testimony
A
  • anxious

- live

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14
Q

-Child Witnesses as Legal Actors-

UK – Children are cross examined in a __________ environment, and examination is taped and played in court

A

separate

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15
Q

-Wheeler Criteria-

  • Capacity to __________ an event
  • The ability to recall the event
  • Sufficient communication skills to convey that memory (diff between words: ask vs. tell)
  • Ability to distinguish __________ and fiction
  • The capacity to appreciate one’s duty to tell the truth in court
A
  • observe

- fact

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16
Q

-Wheeler Criteria-

  • Capacity to observe an event
  • The ability to recall the event
  • Sufficient communication skills to convey that __________ (diff between words: ask vs. tell)
  • Ability to distinguish fact and fiction
  • The capacity to appreciate one’s duty to tell the __________ in court
A
  • memory

- truth

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17
Q

-Anatomically Correct Dolls-

Requires symbolic __________

A

reasoning

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18
Q

-Anatomically Correct Dolls-

Requires symbolic reasoning-

  • -Children need to extend the doll as a representation of __________
  • -Such a task significant Cognitive development
  • -Representational capacity/______ thinking
A
  • themselves

- abstract

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19
Q

-Anatomically Correct Dolls-

Requires symbolic reasoning – Children don’t have the__________ capacity to identify the doll as themselves

A

cognitive

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20
Q

Goodman et al., 2000 – AC doll play:

Can lead to __________ memory reporting in children

A

false

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21
Q

-AC Dolls-

NOT a psychological test with predictive __________

A

validity

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22
Q

-AC Dolls-

Definitive statements about sexual abuse cannot be made on the basis of spontaneous or guided “______”

A

play

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23
Q

-AC Dolls-

Leading questions can lead to _______ reports

A

false

24
Q

-AC Dolls-

Children lack the cognitive capacity to effectively __________ with dolls (until they no longer need to)

A

communicate

25
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Children remembered fewer details about a perpetrator compared to an __________

A

adult

26
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Accuracy rates lower for __________ children compared to __________ children

A
  • younger

- older

27
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Much __________ performance in TA (target absent) lineups

A

poorer

28
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Children seem to have a harder time __________ a lineup compared to adults

A

rejecting

29
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Why do children perform worse?

  • Featural facial __________
  • Children have to learn to process faces holistically (Diamond et al., 1978)
  • -Usually achieved around age _____
A
  • encoding

- 10-12

30
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

Why do children perform worse?

  • Featural facial encoding
  • Children have to learn to process faces __________ (Diamond et al., 1978)
  • -Usually achieved around age 10-12
A

holistically

31
Q

-Children and; Lineups-

What about the sequential lineup?

-Children perform MUCH __________ when given sequential – simultaneous consistently found to be __________

A
  • worse

- superior

32
Q

-The elimination Lineup-

Developed largely with Children in mind
-Children typically have a hard time __________ lineups

A

rejecting

33
Q

-The elimination Lineup-

Evidence has found that in children (not adults):

  • Maintains Correct __________ IDS
  • Increases Correct __________ in TA lineups
A
  • Suspect

- Rejections

34
Q

Children should interview as __________ as possible

A

few times

35
Q

Children should face __________ from the defendant

-Ideally they should not testify in __________ court

A
  • away

- open

36
Q

Children should face away from the defendant

-Ideally they __________ testify in open court

A

should not

37
Q

-Children & the Legal System-

When interviewed proper developmentally appropriate __________ should be used

A

language

38
Q

-Children & the Legal System-

While children aren’t as good at adults with __________ recognition – they can be good witnesses if proper procedures are followed

A

facial

39
Q

-Children & the Legal System-

While children aren’t as good at adults with facial recognition – they can be good witnesses if proper __________ are followed

A

procedures

40
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Structured approach (not freeform like CI)
-Generates more reliably \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ information
A

accurate

41
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Structured approach (not freeform like CI)
-Much less \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ information
A

false

42
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Structured approach (not freeform like CI)
-Lamb et al., found NICHD interview was able to get more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ children to disclose compared to standard approaches
A

reluctant

43
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Structured approach (not freeform like CI)
-Focus on non-suggestive \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ questions
A

Open ended

44
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Introduction – __________ self/anyone else in room (ideally just 1 on 1)

A

introduce

45
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Establish __________ of the interview

A

rules

46
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Truth vs. Lie Ceremony

  • “What is true and what is __________”
  • “If I say my shoes are green is that true or not true?”
A

not true

47
Q

-NICHD Interview-

No __________ instruction

  • “If I ask a question and you don’t known the answer tell me “I don’t know”
  • What’s my dog’s name?
A

guess

48
Q

-NICHD Interview-

__________ Building
“Tell me about things you like to do
Avoid fantasy/tv/videogames

A

Rapport

49
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Training in __________ memory
-Prior to interview identify a recent event you already know about – ask them to tell it in “a lot” of detail

A

episodic

50
Q

-NICHD Interview-

Transition to the _________ Issues

  • Talk about why the child thinks they are here today
  • Let child volunteer allegation – do not force
A

Substantive

51
Q

-NICHD Interview-

_________ the incident(s)
-Tell me everything that happened

A

Investigating

52
Q

-NICHD Interview-

_________

  • Anything else I should know?
  • Ending on a neutral topic – “Tell me about your new puppy!”
A

Closing

53
Q

Child memory more _________ than adult memory

A

vulnerable

54
Q

Child memory more vulnerable than adult memory

  • Can be easily _________ and contain confabulated details (some very elaborate)
  • Children are vulnerable – and testifying incredible _________
A
  • manipulated

- stressful

55
Q

Child memory more vulnerable than adult memory

  • Can be easily manipulated and contain _________ details (some very elaborate)
  • Children are _________ – and testifying incredible stressful
A
  • confabulated

- vulnerable

56
Q

In CSA cases – testimony is crucial to _________ – but investigators need to be cautious
-Children can be effective legal participants but care must be taken when interviewing/administering a _________ (even more than with adults

A
  • conviction

- lineup

57
Q

In CSA cases – testimony is crucial to conviction – but investigators need to be cautious
-Children can be effective legal participants but care must be taken when _________/administering a lineup (even more than with adults

A

interviewing

Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 (18 decks)

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