Exam 2 - Lecture's 14

Question 1

Most legal rights are extended to __________

Answer 1

defendants

Question 2

Shift in 1970’s and early 1980’s to extend rights and protection to __________

Answer 2

victims

Question 3

__________ : Field focused on studying victims, consequences of victimization, and recovery.

Answer 3

Victimology

Question 4

__________ : Experiencing intense, fear-related reactions when reminded of the trauma

Answer 4

PTSD

Question 5

-PTSD-

Usually happens after __________ episode
-Victim or loved one is threatened with mortal danger/serious bodily harm

Answer 5

severe

Question 6

-PTSD-

Symptoms:
Intrusive thoughts, __________, nightmares
-Avoidance of similar __________

Answer 6

• flashbacks

- stimulus

Question 7

-PTSD-

Symptoms must last longer than 1 __________

• Otherwise, __________ disorder
• Sometimes symptoms last for months/years

Answer 7

• month

- acute stress

Question 8

-PTSD-

Can it be prevented?
Social support __________ after event

Training programs have been developed to __________ likelihood of PTSD

Answer 8

• immediately

- decrease

Question 9

-Battered Spouses-

Violence between romantic partners occurs in 25% to ___% of couples.

Answer 9

33

Question 10

-Battered Spouses-

Violence against __________ is much more common than violence against __________

Answer 10

• women

- men

Question 11

-Battered Spouses-

Women are injured more

• More likely to be murdered by __________ than stranger
• ___% of women murdered by partner

Answer 11

• partner

- 30

Question 12

Research shows batterers are more likely to be:

• Unemployed
• Less well __________
• Minority group
• Lower __________
• Suffered from physical abuse or observed it
• Early __________ abuse
• Poor self-concept, not very good __________ and limited verbal skills
• Show extreme jealousy and fear of being __________

Answer 12

• educated
• SES
• substance
• problem-solvers
• abandoned

Question 13

-Cycle of Violence-

• Batterer: Emotional and physical __________
• Early in relationship: attentive and __________

Answer 13

• instability

- loving

Question 14

-Cycle of Violence-

1. __________ :
   - Disagreements in the relationship lead to increased criticism of the partner
   - May include minor physical violence

Answer 14

Tension building phase

Question 15

-Cycle of Violence-

1. Tension building phase:
   - Disagreements in the relationship lead to increased __________ of the partner
   - May include __________ physical violence

Answer 15

• criticism

- minor

Question 16

-Cycle of Violence-

2. __________ :
   - Serious form of aggression (raped, beaten, etc.)
   - Woman is usually too dependent on man to break off relationship
   - He controls most of her life/relationships
   - Woman believes she can change his behavior

Answer 16

Acute Battering incident:

Question 17

-Cycle of Violence-

2. Acute Battering incident:
   - Serious form of __________ (raped, beaten, etc.)
   - Woman is usually too __________ on man to break off relationship
   - He controls most of her life/__________
   - Woman believes she can change his __________

Answer 17

• aggression
• dependent
• relationships
• behavior

Question 18

-Cycle of Violence-

3. __________ :
   Batterer apologizes for attack (“I won’t do it again”)

Answer 18

Contrite phase

Question 19

-Cycle of Violence-

3. Contrite phase:
   Batterer __________ for attack (“I won’t do it again”)

Answer 19

apologizes

Question 20

-Learned Helplessness-

__________ Conditioning Research with Dogs

Answer 20

Seligman’s

Question 21

Seligman’s Conditioning Research with Dogs

How does this translate to humans?

• Relates to explanatory style (__________ )
• Can lead to __________ disorders
• Leads to __________ changes – amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus

Answer 21

• locus of control
• depressive
• neurobiological

Question 22

Power of the Situation-

__________ situation turns good people bad

Answer 22

“evil”

Question 23

Stanford Prison Experiment-

Social psychologist Phillip __________

Answer 23

Zimbardo

Question 24

-Psychology of Rape-

Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists

__________ : emphasis on restriction or sexuality and sexual partners
-Anything outside of “appropriateness” means rape victim deserved it:

Answer 24

Sexual conservatism

Question 25

-Psychology of Rape- Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists __________ - -Relationships are inherently manipulative, rape is part of it

Answer 25

Adversarial sexual beliefs

Question 26

-Psychology of Rape- Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists Acceptance of __________ - Biggest predictor of whether person believes in myths about rape

Answer 26

interpersonal violence

Question 27

-Psychology of Rape- Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists __________ of interpersonal violence - -Biggest predictor of whether person believes in myths about __________

Answer 27

- Acceptance | - rape

Question 28

2000: ___% of women victims of rape | Many go unreported. Actual figure around ___%.

Answer 28

- 15 | - 30

Question 29

Why don’t women report a rape? - Feel it won’t help - __________ - Fear she won’t be believed - Fear __________ from attacker

Answer 29

- Embarrassed | - Retaliation

Question 30

Characteristics of a Rapist- - Motivated by sexual motivation and __________ - Four factors (Hall & Hirschman) - -High levels of sexual arousal not inhibited by aggression - -Tolerant attitudes towards __________ against women - -Loss of control acted out in sexual aggression - - __________

Answer 30

- aggression - violence - Antisocial personality disorder

Question 31

Characteristics of a Rapist- - Motivated by sexual motivation and aggression - Four factors (Hall & Hirschman) - -High levels of sexual arousal not __________ by aggression - -Tolerant attitudes towards violence against women - - __________ acted out in sexual aggression - -Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 31

- inhibited | - Loss of control

Question 32

-Theories of Rape- __________ theory: Rape as a means of domination and exploitation of women

Answer 32

Feminist

Question 33

-Theories of Rape- __________ theory: Sexual aggression is learned through observation and imitation

Answer 33

Social-learning

Question 34

-Theories of Rape- __________ theory: Natural selection favors men who are sexually aggressive

Answer 34

Evolutionary

Question 35

-Theories of Rape- __________ theory: Increased levels of testosterone increase male sexual urges and decrease sensitivity to aversive reactions from victim

Answer 35

Biological

Question 36

75% of rapes are committed by __________

Answer 36

acquaintances

Question 37

__________ -Least reported rapes

Answer 37

Acquaintance Rape

Question 38

Acquaintance Rape: Tend to occur: - When both victim and assailant are under the __________ - On dates where man pays for all expenses - Date is in __________ location

Answer 38

- influence | - isolated

Question 39

Date Rape- - Tend to occur on __________ - Between the hours of 10:00 PM and 1:00 AM - At the rapists __________ - Alcohol or drugs are usually involved - Rapist uses verbal threats and physical power to __________ his victim

Answer 39

- weekends - home - overcome

Question 40

__________ Rape- - Tend to occur on weekends - Between the hours of 10:00 PM and _____ AM - At the rapists home - Alcohol or __________ are usually involved - Rapist uses verbal threats and physical power to overcome his victim

Answer 40

- Date - 1:00 - drugs

Question 41

Responding to Rape Victims- - __________ assistance to victims is very important

Answer 41

Psychological

Question 42

Rape Trauma Syndrome- Fear of being left along and fear of situations __________ to the one in which the rape occurred. They often blame __________ .

Answer 42

- similar | - themselves

Question 43

Research shows that people who suffered sexual or physical abuse as children are more likely to: - Be arrested for __________ crimes as juveniles and adults - Engage in criminal behavior at __________ ages - More likely to exhibit __________ personality characteristics - Women: Have __________ problems

Answer 43

- violent - younger - antisocial - alcohol

Question 44

Rape Shield Laws: - Provide victims protection when they are trial __________ - Defense cannot attack victim by questioning her __________, etc. - More difficult to introduce information about victim’s sexual __________

Answer 44

- witnesses - lifestyle - history