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Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 > Exam 2 - Lecture's 14 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Lecture's 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most legal rights are extended to __________

A

defendants

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2
Q

Shift in 1970’s and early 1980’s to extend rights and protection to __________

A

victims

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3
Q

__________ : Field focused on studying victims, consequences of victimization, and recovery.

A

Victimology

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4
Q

__________ : Experiencing intense, fear-related reactions when reminded of the trauma

A

PTSD

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5
Q

-PTSD-

Usually happens after __________ episode
-Victim or loved one is threatened with mortal danger/serious bodily harm

A

severe

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6
Q

-PTSD-

Symptoms:
Intrusive thoughts, __________, nightmares
-Avoidance of similar __________

A
  • flashbacks

- stimulus

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7
Q

-PTSD-

Symptoms must last longer than 1 __________

  • Otherwise, __________ disorder
  • Sometimes symptoms last for months/years
A
  • month

- acute stress

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8
Q

-PTSD-

Can it be prevented?
Social support __________ after event

Training programs have been developed to __________ likelihood of PTSD

A
  • immediately

- decrease

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9
Q

-Battered Spouses-

Violence between romantic partners occurs in 25% to ___% of couples.

A

33

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10
Q

-Battered Spouses-

Violence against __________ is much more common than violence against __________

A
  • women

- men

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11
Q

-Battered Spouses-

Women are injured more

  • More likely to be murdered by __________ than stranger
  • ___% of women murdered by partner
A
  • partner

- 30

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12
Q

Research shows batterers are more likely to be:

  • Unemployed
  • Less well __________
  • Minority group
  • Lower __________
  • Suffered from physical abuse or observed it
  • Early __________ abuse
  • Poor self-concept, not very good __________ and limited verbal skills
  • Show extreme jealousy and fear of being __________
A
  • educated
  • SES
  • substance
  • problem-solvers
  • abandoned
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13
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  • Batterer: Emotional and physical __________
  • Early in relationship: attentive and __________
A
  • instability

- loving

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14
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. __________ :
    - Disagreements in the relationship lead to increased criticism of the partner
    - May include minor physical violence
A

Tension building phase

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15
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. Tension building phase:
    - Disagreements in the relationship lead to increased __________ of the partner
    - May include __________ physical violence
A
  • criticism

- minor

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16
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. __________ :
    - Serious form of aggression (raped, beaten, etc.)
    - Woman is usually too dependent on man to break off relationship
    - He controls most of her life/relationships
    - Woman believes she can change his behavior
A

Acute Battering incident:

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17
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. Acute Battering incident:
    - Serious form of __________ (raped, beaten, etc.)
    - Woman is usually too __________ on man to break off relationship
    - He controls most of her life/__________
    - Woman believes she can change his __________
A
  • aggression
  • dependent
  • relationships
  • behavior
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18
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. __________ :
    Batterer apologizes for attack (“I won’t do it again”)
A

Contrite phase

19
Q

-Cycle of Violence-

  1. Contrite phase:
    Batterer __________ for attack (“I won’t do it again”)
A

apologizes

20
Q

-Learned Helplessness-

__________ Conditioning Research with Dogs

A

Seligman’s

21
Q

Seligman’s Conditioning Research with Dogs

How does this translate to humans?

  • Relates to explanatory style (__________ )
  • Can lead to __________ disorders
  • Leads to __________ changes – amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus
A
  • locus of control
  • depressive
  • neurobiological
22
Q

Power of the Situation-

__________ situation turns good people bad

A

“evil”

23
Q

Stanford Prison Experiment-

Social psychologist Phillip __________

A

Zimbardo

24
Q

-Psychology of Rape-

Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists

__________ : emphasis on restriction or sexuality and sexual partners
-Anything outside of “appropriateness” means rape victim deserved it:

A

Sexual conservatism

25
Q

-Psychology of Rape-

Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists

__________ -
-Relationships are inherently manipulative, rape is part of it

A

Adversarial sexual beliefs

26
Q

-Psychology of Rape-

Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists

Acceptance of __________ -
Biggest predictor of whether person believes in myths about rape

A

interpersonal violence

27
Q

-Psychology of Rape-

Those who blame the victim and are tolerant of rapists

__________ of interpersonal violence -
-Biggest predictor of whether person believes in myths about __________

A
  • Acceptance

- rape

28
Q

2000: ___% of women victims of rape

Many go unreported. Actual figure around ___%.

A
  • 15

- 30

29
Q

Why don’t women report a rape?

  • Feel it won’t help
  • __________
  • Fear she won’t be believed
  • Fear __________ from attacker
A
  • Embarrassed

- Retaliation

30
Q

Characteristics of a Rapist-

  • Motivated by sexual motivation and __________
  • Four factors (Hall & Hirschman)
  • -High levels of sexual arousal not inhibited by aggression
  • -Tolerant attitudes towards __________ against women
  • -Loss of control acted out in sexual aggression
    • __________
A
  • aggression
  • violence
  • Antisocial personality disorder
31
Q

Characteristics of a Rapist-

  • Motivated by sexual motivation and aggression
  • Four factors (Hall & Hirschman)
  • -High levels of sexual arousal not __________ by aggression
  • -Tolerant attitudes towards violence against women
    • __________ acted out in sexual aggression
  • -Antisocial personality disorder
A
  • inhibited

- Loss of control

32
Q

-Theories of Rape-

__________ theory:
Rape as a means of domination and exploitation of women

A

Feminist

33
Q

-Theories of Rape-

__________ theory:
Sexual aggression is learned through observation and imitation

A

Social-learning

34
Q

-Theories of Rape-

__________ theory:
Natural selection favors men who are sexually aggressive

A

Evolutionary

35
Q

-Theories of Rape-

__________ theory:
Increased levels of testosterone increase male sexual urges and decrease sensitivity to aversive reactions from victim

A

Biological

36
Q

75% of rapes are committed by __________

A

acquaintances

37
Q

__________ -Least reported rapes

A

Acquaintance Rape

38
Q

Acquaintance Rape:

Tend to occur:

  • When both victim and assailant are under the __________
  • On dates where man pays for all expenses
  • Date is in __________ location
A
  • influence

- isolated

39
Q

Date Rape-

  • Tend to occur on __________
  • Between the hours of 10:00 PM and 1:00 AM
  • At the rapists __________
  • Alcohol or drugs are usually involved
  • Rapist uses verbal threats and physical power to __________ his victim
A
  • weekends
  • home
  • overcome
40
Q

__________ Rape-

  • Tend to occur on weekends
  • Between the hours of 10:00 PM and _____ AM
  • At the rapists home
  • Alcohol or __________ are usually involved
  • Rapist uses verbal threats and physical power to overcome his victim
A
  • Date
  • 1:00
  • drugs
41
Q

Responding to Rape Victims-

  • __________ assistance to victims is very important
A

Psychological

42
Q

Rape Trauma Syndrome-

Fear of being left along and fear of situations __________ to the one in which the rape occurred. They often blame __________ .

A
  • similar

- themselves

43
Q

Research shows that people who suffered sexual or physical abuse as children are more likely to:

  • Be arrested for __________ crimes as juveniles and adults
  • Engage in criminal behavior at __________ ages
  • More likely to exhibit __________ personality characteristics
  • Women: Have __________ problems
A
  • violent
  • younger
  • antisocial
  • alcohol
44
Q

Rape Shield Laws:

  • Provide victims protection when they are trial __________
  • Defense cannot attack victim by questioning her __________, etc.
  • More difficult to introduce information about victim’s sexual __________
A
  • witnesses
  • lifestyle
  • history

Forensic & Legal Psychology 400 (18 decks)

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