Exam 2 part 4

Question 1

What is the major difference between /l/ and /r/?

Answer 1

/l/ has a higher F3 than /r/; /r/’s formants are closer together

Question 2

What is F2 like in /l/ and /r/?

Answer 2

800 - 1200 Hz

Question 3

What is the difference between /r/ and a vowel?

Answer 3

/r/ has a low amplitude/intensity

Question 4

Why is F2 low in glides?

Answer 4

There are two places of articulation; when there are bilabials the formants will drop

Question 5

Why do glides have lower intensity than liquids?

Answer 5

Place of articulation

Question 6

Why does a palatal glide have a higher intensity than labiovelar glides?

Answer 6

Palatal glides have two points of articulation, the intensity will be dampened, active articulators have two barriers that the air will have to cross through that also dampens the intensity

Question 7

The palatal glide that shares the same formant structure as the vowel ___

Answer 7

i or I

Question 8

What are the phases of glides?

Answer 8

Onset, core, release

Question 9

Why do we not confuse a child’s vowel vs. an adult’s vowel that are similar in formant structure?

Answer 9

Anatomical differences and the perception of the listener

Question 10

Based on a linear frequency scale; Resonating frequencies as produced by the vocal tract

Answer 10

Production

Question 11

Typically regarded as logarithmic frequency scale; Howlistenersperceiveresonating frequencies.

Answer 11

Perception

Question 12

What are the scales that we use to model perception?

Answer 12

Mel, Bark, ERB

Question 13

What is the most common scale we use to model perception?

Answer 13

Mel

Question 14

As you go to a higher frequency, what happens to your perception (narrower bars on the bark scale)?

Answer 14

Fine tuned

Question 15

What is perception like at lower frequencies (wider bars on the bark scale)?

Answer 15

Harder to perceive and differentiate

Question 16

What is an example of a Helmholtz resonator?

Answer 16

[ u ]

Question 17

The filter part of the source-filter model represents these properties of the speech signal?

Answer 17

odd multiples of the lowest resonating frequencies or formants

Question 18

True or false: the decibels scale of intensity is a linear scale, whereby the amplitude of the speech signal is directly related to the sensation of how intense that the sound source is perceived by the listener

Answer 18

False

Question 19

True or false: Anatomical differences in the vocal tract length affect the size of the speakers’ vowel space whereby longer vocal tracts will result in larger vowel spaces and smaller vocal tracts will result in smaller vowel spaces

Answer 19

False

Question 20

In a tube with two open ends, where is maximum displacement?

Answer 20

At the ends

Question 21

What is the configuration for the overall tube of /i/?

Answer 21

Closed at one end

Question 22

As F1 increases what happens to the vowel height?

Answer 22

Increases

Question 23

What happens to vowel height as you decrease F1?

Answer 23

Decrease

Question 24

What happens to vowel backness as you increase F2?

Answer 24

Increase