Exam 1 Part 9 Flashcards
[u] has a ____ F2, _____ F1
Low, low
[a] has a _____ F2, _____ F1
Low, high
[æ] has a ____ F2, _____ F1
High, high
Glottal pulses in females have ____ glottal pulses than males
Faster
Do males, females, or children have the fastest glottal pulses?
Children
As you decrease the vocal tract, what happens to the vowel spaces?
Increases
As you increase the vocal tract, what happens to the vowel spaces?
Decreases
What resonators have even and odd formants?
Half resonators
What resonators have odd formants?
Quarter resonators; even multiples are cancelled out
What is the neutral position of the vocal tract when we produce schwa?
Vocal tract is like a tube closed at one end
First vowel in “again” and “about”
Schwa
What is the vocal tract like when you produce [a]?
Tongue shifts back, jaw slightly goes down, oral space is constricted in the back; oral cavity is larger than the pharyngeal area, large sub-tube in the back
What is the vocal tract like when you produce [i]?
Articulators move closer together, creates a smaller sub-tube in the front
What is the vocal tract like when you produce [u]?
4 sub-tubes
Small sub-tubes between two big sub-tubes
Helmholtz resonator
Finding formants for each sub-tube and finding the lowest 3 formants of the entire system
Acoustic coupling
How can we tell a vowel from PRAAT?
Area of high intensity and has clear/strong formants
What is the difference between a narrowband and a broadband spectrogram?
Broadband will be able to see glottal pulses, a narrowband is able to see harmonics
Narrowband that are horizontal on a spectrogram
Harmonics
What is the difference between a monophthong and a diphthong on a spectrogram?
F1 and F2 change shape while F1 and F2 for monophthong are constant
One way to understand the acoustic of sounds is to be studied as a system of ___
Tubes
A second way to study the acoustics of sound is by considering them all to be a single tube with ______
Constrictions
Theory that considers a single uniform tube with constrictions; where on a tube is there a point of constriction
Perturbation theory
What is the difference between the tube theory and perturbation theory?
Perturbation: how the particles in the medium are being displaced, doesn’t talk about resonance
Displacement and pressure are __ degrees out of phase with each other
90
What is pressure like in a tube closed at one side?
Max at closed end, min at the open end
What is displacement like in a tube closed at one side?
Max at open end, min at closed end
The velocity wave is identical to the ____ wave
Displacement
What is velocity like in a tube closed at one side?
Max at open end, min at closed end
Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum velocity lowers the formant frequency
Perturbation theory
