Exam 2 Part 2

Question 1

Relationship between F2 and F3 in velars

Answer 1

Velar pinch

Question 2

The vocal folds are brought close together and made to

vibrate.

Answer 2

Voiced

Question 3

The voiced state of the glottis is found during the ____ of a stop consonant and has ____ frequency energy during closure

Answer 3

Closure, low

Question 4

What is the difference in the closure phase between voiceless oral stops and voiced oral stops?

Answer 4

Voiceless oral stops have a longer release because of aspiration

Question 5

What is the difference in spectral energy between voiceless oral stops and voiced oral stops?

Answer 5

Voiced oral stops have lower spectral energy in oral stops

Question 6

What phases (onset, closure, release) does initial oral stop have?

Answer 6

Closure and release

Question 7

What phases (onset, closure, release) does intervocalic oral stop have?

Answer 7

Onset, closure, release

Question 8

What phases (onset, closure, release) does final oral stop have?

Answer 8

Onset, closure, sometimes release

Question 9

What are the 3 phases in fricatives?

Answer 9

Onset, core, release

Question 10

What types of affricates are produced resulting in a high fricative cloud frequency?

Answer 10

Affricates produced farther forward (place of articulation)

Question 11

Voiced affricates have ____ spectral energy

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Why do affricates have all 3 phases in the initial, intervocalic, and final position?

Answer 12

There is a transition phase in the final position, place of articulation is present in initial position

Question 13

True or false: A flap or tap can be demarcated in the acoustic signal in the same way as an oral stop.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or false: The nasal murmer of a nasal stop can be described as lense intense and lacking distinctive high formants compared to vowels.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or false: “Men, woman and children have different size acoustic vowel spaces crucially because of age or sex differences.”

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or false: “Diphthongs are the only kind of vowel that can have an F1 and F2 trajectory (i.e., non-static movement across time). “

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or false: “VOT, voice time onset, can be used in many cases as correlate of the voicing status of an oral stop consonant. “

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or false: “Formants, particularly F2 and F3, are useful acoustic cues in identifying the difference between liquids and glides.”

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: Nasalization of vowels involves only nasal tract formants (and antiresonances originating in the sinus cavities).

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True or false: “Fricatives, varying in place of articulation and voicing, differ in range of frequency, intensity and duration. “

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: All monophthongs have approximately the same duration.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

True or false: “The extrinsic factors affecting vowel duration include consonant voicing, speaker rate, utterance position effects and speaking style.”

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are the 4 obstruents?

Answer 23

Stops, fricatives, affricates, flap/tap

Question 24

What are some examples of glottal stops?

Answer 24

uh oh, kitten, butter, flight, can’t, avoid, ahead

Question 25

What is the frequency like in flap/taps?

Answer 25

Not high

Question 26

What 3 obstruents only have one phase?

Answer 26

Flap, trill, glottal stops