Exam 1 Part 7 Flashcards
How is the fundamental frequency and harmonic series?
The fundamental frequency is the first harmonic (F0=H1)
How do you find different harmonics in a series?
___nth Harmonic = H1 x n
True or false: “In terms of the source-filter theory of speech production, the source of phonation in the vocal apparatus is the vocal folds. “
True
True or false: “The greater harmonic spacing in the spectrum corresponds to a lower F0, while the less the space between harmonics correspond to a higher F0.”
False
F0 average for men
125
F0 average for women
200
F0 average for children
300
What is the process called for the bringing together of the vocal folds?
Adduct
True or false: “Phonation of the sound source is only ever possible during voiced speech sounds (e.g., voiced consonants and vowels).”
True
What two aerodynamic forces cause vocal folds to be set into vibration?
Subglottal pressure below vocal folds, negative pressure between folds
True or false: Higher harmonics in the harmonic series have greater intensity that those with lower frequencies.
False; lower intensity
This is the effect that results in the vocal folds being drawn back together during the process of phonation.
Bernoulli
True or false: The glottis in the larynx refers to the physical vocal folds used for phonation.
False; true vocal folds
“According to aerodynamic theory of phonation, how is frequency of vocal fold vibration primarily determined?”
Length, tension, mass of vocal folds
Vowels have high ___ in a spectrogram
Intensity
Acoustic response of air molecules within the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities to some source of sound that sets them into vibration
Resonance
The acoustic signal that comes out of the vocal tract is a complex wave comprised of multiple ______ _______
Resonating frequencies
What are resonating frequencies determined by (2)?
Size and shape of the cavities in the vocal tract
How is the access, size and shape of the cavities changed?
Movement and position of the active articulators
What are the active articulators (4)?
Tongue, velum, lips, tongue
What is the average vocal tract length in males?
17 cm
What is the average vocal tract length in females?
15 cm
What is the average vocal tract length in children (ages 11-14)
12-14 cm
What is the average vocal tract length in children (age 10)
10 cm
How do you find the lowest frequency?
Wavelength= 4 x Length of vocal tract
How do you find the lowest resonating frequency?
Velocity / Wavelength
1st resonant frequency
1st formant
3rd resonant frequency
2nd formant
5th resonant frequency
3rd formant
