Exam 2 Part 3

Question 1

What is the difference between a nasal and oral stop?

Answer 1

Airflow goes through the nasal cavity in nasals

Question 2

What happens to the formants in nasals?

Answer 2

Similar to vowels, the extra nasal cavity creates anti-resonance

Question 3

How is anti-resonance created?

Answer 3

Resonating frequencies come in and back out to the nasal cavity

Question 4

What is amplitude like in nasals?

Answer 4

Relatively high amplitude but not as high as vowels

Question 5

What is intensity like in nasals at high frequencies?

Answer 5

Low intensity

Question 6

Why are the formants not as intense in nasals?

Answer 6

Takes more time to travel through the vocal tract, into the vocal tract, then to the nasal cavity

Question 7

True or false: The nasal murmer of a nasal stop can be described as lense intense and lacking distinctive high formants compared to vowels.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false: A flap or tap can be demarcated in the acoustic signal in the same way as an oral stop.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or false: All monophthongs have approximately the same duration.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True or false: “Men, woman and children have different size acoustic vowel spaces crucially because of age or sex differences.”

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or false: Nasalization of vowels involves only nasal tract formants (and antiresonances originating in the sinus cavities).

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or false: “Diphthongs are the only kind of vowel that can have an F1 and F2 trajectory (i.e., non-static movement across time). “

Answer 12

False

Question 13

True or false: “Fricatives, varying in place of articulation and voicing, differ in range of frequency, intensity and duration. “

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or false: “Formants, particularly F2 and F3, are useful acoustic cues in identifying the difference between liquids and glides.”

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or false: “The extrinsic factors affecting vowel duration include consonant voicing, speaker rate, utterance position effects and speaking style.”

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or false: “VOT, voice time onset, can be used in many cases as correlate of the voicing status of an oral stop consonant. “

Answer 16

True

Question 17

“In working with a patient with ataxic dysarthria, which issue is most likely provide the greatest benefit in improving the client’s ability to make herself/himself understood? “

Answer 17

Speech timing

Question 18

True or false: “Without an understanding of speech perception, an clinician may utilize particular strategies that yield limited gains for the client. “

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: Identification experiment is one where listeners are asked to label presented stimuli.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The speech acoustic signal is sufficiently consistent to support speech sound perception.

Answer 20

General auditory theory

Question 21

“The articulatory movements in the production of speech sounds are perceived as gestures, and not as acoustic representations of speech sounds. “

Answer 21

Direct realism

Question 22

Speech production and perception in humans are innate and unqiue to humans.

Answer 22

Motor theory

Question 23

Speech production and perception in humans are innate and unqiue to humans.

Answer 23

Motor theory

Question 24

True or false: “In early clinical speech perception research, it was discovered that relatively continious variation of the physical stimulus did result in a continuous change in the perceptual response.”

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What are the 2 American L’s?

Answer 25

Dark and light

Question 26

L that happens after a vowel and produces velarization

Answer 26

Dark L