Exam 2 (part 2) Flashcards
What is the greater omentum
4 layered fold of peritoneum, hangs down from liver and wraps around intestines
Plays part in immune system and metabolism
Where is the liver located? What is its’ function?
Upper right hand portion, underneath diaphragm.
Detoxification, produces biles
Where is the gallbladder located? What is its’ function?
Located in gallbladder fossa of the liver, stores bile, contracts when stimulated by cholecystokinin.
Where is the pancreas located? Where is the head of the pancreas located? What is the function of the pancreas?
Located in behind stomach, in front of spine. Head is located on right side of body.
Secretes insulin & glucagon, digestive enzymes
Where is the spleen located? What is its’ function?
Located in the upper left side of your abdomen, behind left ribs.
Filters blood as part of the immune system, filters out old RBC & stores WBC
What are the parts of the stomach? List them from proximal to distal. Be able to identify and label the parts.
cardiac notch, fundus, cardiac antrum, body, lesser curvature, greater curvature, angular notch, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter, duodenum
What are the inner folds of the stomach called and what is their purpose?
Rugae, allows stomach to expand
What are the sections of the small bowel in order of proximal to distal?
Duodenum, jejunum, illeum
Describe each, the function and size/length
Duodenum - 10-15” long, fixed by the ligament of treitz, receives bile, pancreatic juice & stomach contents, where chemical digestion takes place
Jejunum - most absorption of nutrients, 2.5 meters long
Illeum - continuation of absorption, ileocecal valve - passage into colon, 3.5 meters long
In which segment of the small bowel does the greatest amount of digestion take place?
Duodenum
What are villi and what purpose do they serve?
Little hairs, increase absorption
What is the cecum? Where is it located? What does it connect to proximally and distally?
Pouch that forms first part of the large intestine, connects proximally to ascending colon, and distal to vermiform appendix
What are taenia coli? What is their function?
3 thick bands, puckering of the colon
What are haustra? What is their function?
Series of pouch like folds, helps move food along the large bowels
What is the veriform appendix? Where is located? What is its’ function?
Thin tube that is attached to the cecum, sits in lower right part of abdomen, plays a role in immune system
List the segments of the large colon from proximal to distal. Be able to identify and label the parts
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
What are the other names for the right and left colic flexures?
Right hepatic flexure, left splenic flexure
Tracheostomy
open airway, through hole in the anterior trachea
Endotracheal tube
keeps airway open, inserts through mouth or nose to trachea, 3-5cm above carina, 2nd thoracic vertebra
Nasogastric tube
feeding, decompression, radiographic exams, inserts from nose to stomach, proper placement within stomach
Dobbhoff, salem sum, levin
Plerual drainage tube/chest tube
removes air or fluid from pleural space
Air: insert anterior and superior
Fluid: posterior and inferior
Central venous catheter
Administration of medicine, fluids, nutrients, or blood products
Insert subclavian vein or peripheral veins of arm\
Proper placement where brachiocephalic veins join to form superior vena cava or within it
Types: Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line)
Tunnel Catheter
Implanted Port-a-cath
Swan-Ganz Catheter
Diagnostic, detect heart failure or sepsis, monitor blood pressure in pulmonary artery, evaluate the effects of drugs
Insert pulmonary artery via subclavian vein
Proper placement within border of mediastinum
Cardiac pacemaker
Maintain heart rhythm
