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Criminology > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Social classes

A

Group of population whose members are at similar economic status
- Share attitudes, values, norms

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2
Q

Culture of poverty

A

Separate lower-class culture, characterized by apathy (laziness), cynicism (distrust) in social institutions

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3
Q

Lower class

A

Lowest social stratum; members lack education/skills needed to succeed in modern society

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4
Q

What do social structure theorists believe in?

A

They believe that disadvantaged economic class position is primary cause of crime

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5
Q

What theory does “slow epidemic” and linking material possessions to self worth?

A

Social structure theory

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6
Q

View of social structure theories?

A

View cause of crime thru lens of poverty, income equality, social/economic struggles

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7
Q

Social structure’s 3 branches?

A

1) Social Disorganized Theory
2) Strain Theory
3) Cultural Deviance Theory

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8
Q

Social Disorganized Theory?

A

Focuses on breakdown of inner-city neighborhoods of institutions (ex: family, school employment)

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9
Q

Strain Theory and Goals

A

Sees crime as a function of conflict between people’s goals and the means available to obtain them

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10
Q

Cultural Deviance Theory

A

Sees strain and social disorganization together, resulting in unique lower-class culture that conflicts w/ social norms

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11
Q

What theory does “subculture” belong to?

Definition?

A
  • Cultural Deviance Theory

- Set of values, beliefs, traditions unique to particular social class/group within larger society

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12
Q

Strain theories

A

View that crime is direct result of frustration/anger among the lower class socioeconomic classes

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13
Q

General strain theory (GST)

A

Views multiple sources of strain interact w/ an individual’s emotional traits to produce criminality

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14
Q

Negative Affective States

A

Anger, frustration, and adverse emotions produced by variety of sources of strain

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15
Q

Economic crime

A

Committed for purpose of monetary gain and financial benefits

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16
Q

Blue-collar crime

A

Traditional common law theft crimes such as larceny, burglary, arson

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17
Q

Types of White-collar crimes?

A

Embezzlement, fraud, bribery

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18
Q

Green-collar crimes

A

Crimes that effect the environment

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19
Q

Theft

A

Taking another person’s property w/out their permission or consent

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20
Q

3 Types of Property Criminals

A

1) skilled thieves
2) smugglers
3) peachers

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21
Q

Skilled thieves -

A

Work in larger cities, assembled “flash houses”, public meeting places, where deals made, crimes plotted

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22
Q

Smugglers

A

Move freely into populated areas; transport goods

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23
Q

Poachers

A

Live in country and supplemented their diet/income w/ game that belonged to landlord

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24
Q

Stratified society

A

People grouped together regarding to economic/social class; characterized by unequal distribution of wealth, power

25
Q

Situational inducement

A

Short-term influence on a person’s behavior

-Ex: peer pressure, financial problems

26
Q

Larceny

A

Or theft, taking ones own use the property of another, by means other than force/threats on victim or by forcible breaking into

27
Q

Constructive Possession

A

Situations in which people voluntarily give up physical custody of property but still retain legal ownership
-Ex: if lady gives her watch to jeweler for repair, then he sells it

28
Q

Snitches

A

Amateur shoplifter who doesn’t identify as thief, thoroughly steals merchandise for personal use
*If caught usually don’t risk 2nd offense

29
Q

Booster (heel)

A

Professional shoplifter who steals w/ intention if reselling merchandise

30
Q

Merchant privilege laws

A

Legislation protects retailers and employees from lawsuits if they arrest/detain a suspected shoplifter on reasonable grounds

31
Q

Reasons why amateurs steal vehicles? (5)

A
  • Joyriding
  • Short-term transportation
  • Long-term transportation
  • Profit
  • Commission of Another crime
32
Q

Naïve check forgers

A

Amateurs who cash bad checks because financial crisis, little identification w/ criminal law

33
Q

Systematic forgers

A

Professionals who make living off passing bad checks

34
Q

Fence

A

Earns their living by stealing/selling stolen merchandise

35
Q

Burglary

A

Entering a home by force, threat, deception w/ intent to commit crime

36
Q

When is burglary most common?

A
  • 6am - 6pm, when people not home
37
Q

4 requirements for “good burglar”

A

1) Master skills to commit productive burglaries
2) Able to form criminal gang; complete tasks
3) Have inside info;knowledge of what awaits inside
4) Must foster fences/buyers for stolen goods

38
Q

White-collar crime

A

Any business related act that uses deceit, to carry out criminal enterprise

39
Q

Chiseling

A

To use one’s business position to cheat an organization, consumer, on regular basis
-Ex: pharmacist using cheap pills & charging for expensive ones

40
Q

Inside trading

A

Illegal buying of stock based on info provided by someone who has fixed interest in a company

41
Q

Exploitation

A

Forcing victims to pay for services/contracts to which they have clear right
-Ex: fire inspector threatens owner w/ violation unless given money

42
Q

Influence peddling

A

Using ones institutional position the grant favors/sell info to which ones co-conspirators are not entitled

43
Q

Payola

A

Record companies bribing radio stains to play their songs w/out making listeners aware

44
Q

Foreign corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)

A

Made bribe a criminal offense

45
Q

Embezzlement

A

Type of larceny which someone who’s trusted w/ property fraudulently (falsely), keeps it for own use or others

46
Q

Corporate (organizational) crime

A

Institutions/representatives intentionally violate laws that restrain these institutions from doing social harm

47
Q

Compliance strategies

A

Methods of controlling white collar crimes; creating marketplace solution to obey law
-Ex: Food and Drug Administration regulates drugs, cosmetics, etc

48
Q

Deterrence strategies

A

Methods of controlling white collar crime, rely on punishment of individual

49
Q

Definition of Strain

A

Anger, frustration, & resentment experienced by people who can’t achieve their goals

50
Q

5 Inadequate means of attaining success

A

1) Conformity
2) Innovation
3) Ritualism
4) Retreatism
5) Rebellion

51
Q

Anomie Theory

A

View when goals (wealth/power) are universally desired but access by limited means

52
Q

Institutional Anomie Theory

A

View that anomie dominates US culture because drive for material wealth dominates social/community values

53
Q

Relative Deprivation

A

Envy, mistrust, aggression resulting from perceptions of economic/social inequality

54
Q

Focal Concerns

A

Values such as toughness and street smarts, to fit conditions in lower class environment

55
Q

Cultural Transmissions

A

Values, beliefs, traditions passed down from one generation to the next

56
Q

Delinquent Subculture

A

Value system adopted by lower-class youth that directly opposes that of larger society

57
Q

Reaction formation

A

Hostility by young delinquents, who adopt norms opposed to middle class goals

58
Q

Differential Opportunity

A

View that lower-class youth, have limited opportunities, and join gangs

59
Q

3 Types of Gangs -

A

1) Criminal gangs - criminal careers
2) Conflict gangs - integrity and honor of gang
3) Retreatist gang - double failures, look for ways to get high

Criminology (11 decks)

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