Ch. 8 Flashcards
Critical criminologists:
Criminologists believe crime linked to economic, social, political disparity
What do criminologists believe the “true crimes” are?
Racism, imperialism, unsafe working conditions not race
When was the north of critical criminology?
1960s
1st person w/ origin to critical criminology?
Karl Marx
Power:
Ability of person/groups to control behavior of others
What do contemporary critical criminologists believe?
Modern capitalism destroys lives of workers in less developed countries
Concepts of domination?
Elite control justice system; preserve political-economical, racial domination
Crime:
Political concept designed to protect power/position of upper class at expense of poor
Supernational crimes:
Compromising the study of war crimes, crimes against humanity, in which crimes prosecuted/tried
Instrumental theorists:
View law/justice system as serving interest of upper class
Structural theorists:
Believe law is designed to keep capitalist system operating in efficient manner
Who do instrumental theorists believe?
- Law/justice system serves powerful morality in entire society
- poor may/may not commit more crimes, but arrested more often
- Poor driven to crime because of frustration
Surplus value:
Excess of profits produces by labor classes and accumulated by business owners
What happens when rate of surplus increases?
More people displaced by machines
Marginalization:
Displacement of workers, pushing them outside economic social mainstream
Globalization:
Creation/maintenance of transnational markets
State (organized) crime:
Criminal acts committed by government officials
What is illegal domestic surveillance?
-government listens to convos w/out proper permission
Extraordinary rendition:
Sending suspected terrorists to foreign prisons that permit torture
“Moral panic”:
When general population feels threatened by person/group even tho few evidence
What is state-corporate crime?
Crime committed by individuals who advise state authority when working w/ ppl in private sector
Dropout factories:
High schools in which completion rate is 40% or less
How many failing schools in U.S.?
More than 1,700
“Racial Threat Theory”:
As # of minority’s group member in communities increase, punishment enhanced
Left realism:
Realistic of crime and causes; crime seen as class conflict
What is the relative deprivation approach?
Suggest that experiencing poverty in midst of money creates crime
What do left realists believe?
- Cause of serious crime function of economic inequality, deprivation, supportive institutions
- claim opportunities can’t b blocked cuz don’t exist
- Police save lives, but need to reduce brutality
Preemptive deterrence:
Efforts to prevent crime thru community organization/youth involvement
4 elements w/ terrorist involvement -
1) recruit due to relative deprivation
2) Subcultures, provide peer support
3) Victims based on opportunity
4) get-tough policies may backfire
Relative Deprivation:
Being less well off than one’s peers
Critical feminism:
View gender inequality as result of exploiting of women
Patriarchal:
System of society/government controlled by government
“Double-marginality”:
Females commit fewer crimes because isolated to families, fewer opportunities for elite-deviance
Hegemonic masculinity:
Belief existence of culturally ideal male behavior
“Doing gender -
Failure to dominate women in order to prove masculinity
Crime/delinquency rates as 2 factors -
1) class position (power)
2) family functions (control)
Paternalistic families:
Fathers assume traditional role of breadwinners, moms take care of domestic matters
Role Exist behaviors:
Process of disengagement from role that is ones self-identity in order to establish new identity
Ex: running away
Egalitarian families:
Families where husband/wife share similar power at home/work
Power-control theory:
Maintains structure of gender relations w/in family explains gender differences in crime rate
Peacemaking:
Punishing crime control strategies are counterproductive
According to peacemaking strategy what is the key to connect society?
Mutual aid rather than coercive punishment is key to connect Society
Restorative justice:
Focuses on needs of victims, community, offenders
What’s the concept for restorative justice?
- replace deterrence, incarceration w/ apology, healing
- respect for all
“Shaming management”-
Acknowledges mistakes and suffered disappointment, try to make things right
Reintegration shaming:
Concept that people can be reformed if understand harm an be brought back into society
Sentencing circle:
Discussion between offenders, victims, community
Social conflict:
Struggle for power in society
-Behavior conflicts between competing groups
