Ch. 5

Question 1

Sociobiology

Answer 1

Human behavior motivated by inborn biological urges to survive / preserve species

Question 2

Sociobiology principles

Answer 2

• behavior traits may be inherited, formed by natural selection, evolved by environment, affect how social behavior learned

Question 3

Contemporary trait theory

Answer 3

Each offender is physically/mentally unique, therefore different explanations for each person’s behavior

Question 4

Vulnerability model

Answer 4

Assumes direct link between traits and crimes

-some more vulnerable for crime from birth

Question 5

Differential susceptible model

Answer 5

View that some people are prone to environmental influences

-ex: at risk when encounter unfavorable social environments

Question 6

Crime and diet

Answer 6

• poor diet causes cognitive/learning deficits, antisocial behavior
• over/under supply of minerals causes depression, memory loss

Question 7

Hypoglycemia

Answer 7

Condition occurs when glucose (sugar) in blood falls below levels necessary for normal brain functioning

Question 8

Testosterone

Answer 8

Principle male hormone, linked to aggression

Question 9

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Answer 9

• theory states huge amounts of female sex hormones stimulate antisocial/aggressive behaviors

Question 10

When are females more likely to commit suicide and be aggressive?

Answer 10

Before/during menstruation

Question 11

Lead exposure

Answer 11

• linked to emotional / behavioral disorders
• delinquents higher bone lead levels
• linked to schizophrenia and homicide

Question 12

Brain conditions and Crime

Answer 12

• violent criminals and substance abusers have impairment in prefrontal lobes
• reduction in executive functioning (EF)

Question 13

Conduct Disorder

Answer 13

Pattern of repetitive behavior in which rights of others or norms are violated
- ex: lying, bullying, stealing

Question 14

Brain Structure and; Aggression

Answer 14

Linked to amygdala, area that processes info regarding threats and fear
- lessening of activity in frontal lobe region linked to decision making

Question 15

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 15

Child shows inappropriate lack of attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
- also suffer from Conduct Disorder (CD)

Question 16

Conduct Disorder

Answer 16

Pattern of repetitive behavior engaged in aggression and antisocial behavior

Question 17

Dopamine and serotonin linked to ______ ?

Answer 17

Aggression and antisocial behavior

Question 18

Arousal theory

Answer 18

View that people seek to maintain a preferred level of arousal but vary how they process sensory input

Question 19

Genetics and Crime - 3 principles

Answer 19

1) antisocial behavior inherited
2) genetic makeup of parents passed to children
3) genetic abnormality directly linked to antisocial behaviors

Question 20

Parental Deviance

Answer 20

• troubled parents has influence on children’s criminal behavior

Question 21

Adoption studies

Answer 21

• if biological father criminal, then strong chance of child’s criminal behavior

Question 22

Evolutionary views and Crime

Answer 22

-scarce resources influences behavior

Question 23

Males and parenting

Answer 23

-aggressive males rely on mating and strong sexual drive, rather than parenting

Question 24

Trait theories

Answer 24

View that criminality is product of abnormal biological or physical traits