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THER 230 PTA > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ALS?

A

Amyotophic lateral sclerosis

-It is a progressive disease that affects the cells in the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the ALS disease attack?

A

It attacks the motor neurons from the brain to the spinal cord and muscles throughout the body

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3
Q

What are some symptoms of ALS?

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • cramping in muscles
  • impairment of arms and legs
  • Swallowing and breathing issues
  • Fatigue
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4
Q

What is the percentage of people who will dies in 2-5 years after being diagnoased with ALS?

A

80%

-Most common neurological death

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5
Q

How to diagnose ALS?

A
  • Patient History
  • EMG (electromyography)
  • Hard to diagnose
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6
Q

Possible causes of ALS?

A
  • Apoptosis
  • viruses
  • toxins
  • heavy metal exposure
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7
Q

Treatment for ALS?

A

There is no cure for ALS

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8
Q

PT treatment for ALS patients?

A
  • Light stretch
  • Light strength
  • Swimming
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9
Q

What is guillain barre?

A

it is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves

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10
Q

What are some symptoms of guillain barre?

A
  • Rapid onset of weakness
  • paralysis of the legs, arms, face muscles
  • Breathing is weak
  • Require intensive care
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11
Q

How long does Guillain barre last?

A

The length of the illness is unpredictable

-The majority of patients return to normal

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12
Q

how is guillain barre diagnosed?

A
  • Typically the patients symptoms and physical exam indicate diagnosis
  • Rapid onset of ascending weakness
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13
Q

How is GBS treated?

A
  • Plasma exchanges

- High does of white blood cells

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14
Q

causes for GBS?

A

No known causes it just happens

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15
Q

What is myasthenia garvis? (MG)

A
  • it is grave muscular weakness

- frequently weak face muscles

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16
Q

Symptoms of MG?

A

certain muscles are more frequently involved (face/eye lids)

  • Weak eye lids
  • Weak face muscles
  • Weak breathing
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17
Q

What is ocular myasthenia garvis?

A

It only affects the eyelids

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18
Q

What causes MG?

A

a reduction of the number of achytilocholine receptor sites by 80% cause by antibodies that destroy the receptors

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19
Q

What are the myasthenia garvis classification extreams?

A

Class 1: any ocular muscle weakness

Class 5: Ventalator support

20
Q

Diagnosis for MG?

A

-Blood test may be done to see the abnormal amount of antibodies are present

21
Q

Treatment for MG?

A

-There is no known cure for MG

22
Q

What is post polio syndrome?

A

it is a syndrome that affects people who have had polio before

23
Q

What are some symptoms of PPS?

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • Fatigue #1 symptom
  • pain from joint degeneration
  • atrophy
24
Q

What causes PPS?

A
  • The cause is unknown

- axonal sprouting

25
Q

How is PPS diagnosed?

A
  • medical history

- neuromuscular exam

26
Q

What are some criteria for diagnosing PPS?

A
  • EMG
  • History
  • New muscular weakness
27
Q

How is PPS treated?

A

No treatment for the syndrome itself

  • Light stretch and strengthing activities
  • Cardiopulmonary exersises
28
Q

What is Thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

-Compression of the nerves and blood vessels in the brachial plexus

29
Q

Where does the brachial plexis pass through?

A

it passes under the clavicle and it is inbetween the anterior and middle scalene

30
Q

What are the 3 main causes for TOS?

A
  • Anterior scalene tightness
  • Costoclavicular approximation
  • Pectorallis minor tightness
31
Q

What activities cause compression and TOS?

A
  • Static postures with arms above head
  • electrition
  • heavy backpacks
  • hair dresser
32
Q

What are some symptoms of TOS?

A
  • Neck shoulder pain
  • Numbness
  • pain in fingers
33
Q

How is TOS diagnosed?

A
  • Ask patient history
  • EMG
  • Xray
34
Q

What is the adson scalene maneuver?

A

hyperextend the arm and then palpate for a radial pulse to be faint or gone

35
Q

What is the allen test?

A

Abduct arm to 90 degrees and have client look other direction, Radial pulse should be faint or gone

36
Q

Treatment for TOS?

A
  • Stretches for neck
  • Pectorallis stretches
  • Avoid prolonged positions
37
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome what is it?

Causes?

A

inflammation of the tendon over the median nerve

-From repetitive movements and genetics

38
Q

symptoms of carpal tunnel?

A
  • Weakness in grasp
  • Tingling in fingers
  • Numbmess
  • Difficulty making a fist
39
Q

Treatment for carpal tunnel?

A

Surgery to cut the tendon and releases some pressure on the median nerve

40
Q

Carpal tunnel exercise ?

A
  • squeezing tennis ball
  • Wrist extension
  • wrist flexion exercsises
41
Q

What is bells palsy?

A

a condition that causes the facial muscles to weaken and become paralyzed

42
Q

how is bells palsy caused?

A

Caused by trauma to the 7th cranial nerve

-Not permanent

43
Q

symptoms of bells palsy?

A
  • drooping mouth
  • drooping eyes
  • no facial muscle tone
44
Q

what is the recovery rate from bell palsy?

A
  • 50% will fully recover in a short time
  • 35% will recover in less than a year
  • Have to wait for axon growth
45
Q

treatment for bells palsy?

A

rest and drugs to reduce side effects

THER 230 PTA (11 decks)

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