Exam #2 Flashcards
What is ALS?
Amyotophic lateral sclerosis
-It is a progressive disease that affects the cells in the brain and spinal cord
What does the ALS disease attack?
It attacks the motor neurons from the brain to the spinal cord and muscles throughout the body
What are some symptoms of ALS?
- Muscle weakness
- cramping in muscles
- impairment of arms and legs
- Swallowing and breathing issues
- Fatigue
What is the percentage of people who will dies in 2-5 years after being diagnoased with ALS?
80%
-Most common neurological death
How to diagnose ALS?
- Patient History
- EMG (electromyography)
- Hard to diagnose
Possible causes of ALS?
- Apoptosis
- viruses
- toxins
- heavy metal exposure
Treatment for ALS?
There is no cure for ALS
PT treatment for ALS patients?
- Light stretch
- Light strength
- Swimming
What is guillain barre?
it is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves
What are some symptoms of guillain barre?
- Rapid onset of weakness
- paralysis of the legs, arms, face muscles
- Breathing is weak
- Require intensive care
How long does Guillain barre last?
The length of the illness is unpredictable
-The majority of patients return to normal
how is guillain barre diagnosed?
- Typically the patients symptoms and physical exam indicate diagnosis
- Rapid onset of ascending weakness
How is GBS treated?
- Plasma exchanges
- High does of white blood cells
causes for GBS?
No known causes it just happens
What is myasthenia garvis? (MG)
- it is grave muscular weakness
- frequently weak face muscles
Symptoms of MG?
certain muscles are more frequently involved (face/eye lids)
- Weak eye lids
- Weak face muscles
- Weak breathing
What is ocular myasthenia garvis?
It only affects the eyelids
What causes MG?
a reduction of the number of achytilocholine receptor sites by 80% cause by antibodies that destroy the receptors
What are the myasthenia garvis classification extreams?
Class 1: any ocular muscle weakness
Class 5: Ventalator support
Diagnosis for MG?
-Blood test may be done to see the abnormal amount of antibodies are present
Treatment for MG?
-There is no known cure for MG
What is post polio syndrome?
it is a syndrome that affects people who have had polio before
What are some symptoms of PPS?
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue #1 symptom
- pain from joint degeneration
- atrophy
What causes PPS?
- The cause is unknown
- axonal sprouting
How is PPS diagnosed?
- medical history
- neuromuscular exam
What are some criteria for diagnosing PPS?
- EMG
- History
- New muscular weakness
How is PPS treated?
No treatment for the syndrome itself
- Light stretch and strengthing activities
- Cardiopulmonary exersises
What is Thoracic outlet syndrome?
-Compression of the nerves and blood vessels in the brachial plexus
Where does the brachial plexis pass through?
it passes under the clavicle and it is inbetween the anterior and middle scalene
What are the 3 main causes for TOS?
- Anterior scalene tightness
- Costoclavicular approximation
- Pectorallis minor tightness
What activities cause compression and TOS?
- Static postures with arms above head
- electrition
- heavy backpacks
- hair dresser
What are some symptoms of TOS?
- Neck shoulder pain
- Numbness
- pain in fingers
How is TOS diagnosed?
- Ask patient history
- EMG
- Xray
What is the adson scalene maneuver?
hyperextend the arm and then palpate for a radial pulse to be faint or gone
What is the allen test?
Abduct arm to 90 degrees and have client look other direction, Radial pulse should be faint or gone
Treatment for TOS?
- Stretches for neck
- Pectorallis stretches
- Avoid prolonged positions
Carpal tunnel syndrome what is it?
Causes?
inflammation of the tendon over the median nerve
-From repetitive movements and genetics
symptoms of carpal tunnel?
- Weakness in grasp
- Tingling in fingers
- Numbmess
- Difficulty making a fist
Treatment for carpal tunnel?
Surgery to cut the tendon and releases some pressure on the median nerve
Carpal tunnel exercise ?
- squeezing tennis ball
- Wrist extension
- wrist flexion exercsises
What is bells palsy?
a condition that causes the facial muscles to weaken and become paralyzed
how is bells palsy caused?
Caused by trauma to the 7th cranial nerve
-Not permanent
symptoms of bells palsy?
- drooping mouth
- drooping eyes
- no facial muscle tone
what is the recovery rate from bell palsy?
- 50% will fully recover in a short time
- 35% will recover in less than a year
- Have to wait for axon growth
treatment for bells palsy?
rest and drugs to reduce side effects
