Exam #2 Flashcards
What is the most common levels for a SCI?
-C1-2
-C5-7
-T12-L2
Because that Is where the most mobility/movement of the spine occurs at
What are some common forces for a SCI?
- Cervical rotation
- Hyper flexion
- Cervical hyperextension
- Compression fractures
What is a complete SCI?
The complete transection of motor and sensory tracts.
Completely cut
What are 4 types of incomplete SCI?
- Central Cord Syndrome
- Anterior Cord Syndrome
- Posterior Cord Syndrome
- Brown Sequard Syndrome
What types of things do the doctors look at with a neurologic exam?
- Motor strength
- Level of consciousness
- Sensation
- Positioning sense
- Diaphragm function
C5
Deltoid
C6
biceps/wrist extensors
C7
Triceps
C8
Thumb extensor/finger flexors
T1
Finger abduction/adduction
L2
Hip flexors
L3
Quads
L4
Dorsiflexors
L5
Big toe extensors
S1
Plantar flexion
What is Myelopathy?
It is Spinal cord process
UMN
What is Radiculopathy?
Nerve root process
LMN
What is the ASIA? What are the Extremes?
A way of grading the severity of the SCI
Extremes:
A = Complete and muscle grade of 3
E = Normal
What are some signs of a complete (A) of a SCI?
-No sensation
-Flaccid
-Spasticity
If in 24hrs there is no change then there will likely be no change
What is spinal shock?
Loss of motor and sensory after the trauma
What is Neurogenic shock?
Involves the sympathetic chain and is associated with autonomic instability
What is Central cord syndrome?
- Hyper extension injury or tumor
- Paresis of plegia of arms more than legs
- Sensation is affected more in UE
- Sacral sparing
- Good prognosis
What is Anterior cervical cord syndrome?
- Hyperflexion
- Motor loss
- Temperature loss
- Sacral sparing
- 50% recovery
What Is brown sequard syndrome?
- Half motor loss
- Half loss of sensation
- Contralateral loss of pain/temerature
Where does the spinal cord end? (what vertebral body?)
L2
What is apoptosis?
After the cells die the body produces chemicals to kill the other cells too. (programmed cell death)
What are the morbidity factors and %?
- Pressure ulcers = 25%
- Pneumonia = 13%
What is the leading cause of death for someone with a SCI?
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary embolism
- Sepsis
What is autonomic dysfunction/dysreflexia?
-Problems with the autonomic nervous system affecting people with T6 and above
What is neuropathic spinal pain?
It occurs below the level of injury, Like phantom limb.
Due to unstable spine or cyst
What is hypertrophic bone formation? and signs
It is the formation of new bone in muscle
SIGNS: Loss of ROM, Swelling, fever
How can spasticity be good for someone with a SCI?
It can be good with assisting in mobility and transfers, improves circulation, decreases risk of DVT
What is a name of a medication that a SCI patient will take?
Baclofen
If someone was C1-3 What are some functional goals?
- Patient is on ventilator
- Able to move head
- Sip and puff W/C
If someone is a C3-4 What are some functional goals?
- Sip and puff W/C
- Spend time off ventilator
- Deep breathing exercises
What are some functional goals for someone with C4?
-Using multiple communication devices
Goals for C5?
- Power chair
- Use computer mouse
Goals for C5?
- Driving a car
- Manage own health care
Goals for C6?
- Almost totally independent
- Feeding
- Bathing
- Power chair
Goals for C7?
- Manual chair
- Pressure relief abilities
- Independent
Goals for C8?
- Sports chair
- Independent
Goals for T8?
- Walking with long leg braces
- Swing through gait
