EXAM #2 Flashcards
What is the primary cause for a TBI in infants?
- Abuse
- Neglect
What is the primary cause for TBI in toddlers?
- Abuse
- Falls
What is the primary cause of TBI for early elementary kids?
- Falls
- Pedestrian vehicle accidents
What is the primary cause for TBI in Late elementary - high school - older
- Bicycle accidents
- Motor vehicle accidents
What are 2 subcategories for an acquired brain injury?
- Internal causes: tumor
- External causes: Bullet
What are Congenital and Perinatal brain injuries?
Congenital: a condition a child is born with
Perinatal: A condition that develops around the time of birth
What is a open brain injury?
The brain has be penetrated by an external object
EX: gun shot
What is a closed Brain injury?
Brain injury in which the skull and meninges are NOT penetrated
EX: head hits the dashboard
What brain injury (Open or Closed) is more likely to experience seizures?
Open
What are some examples of a closed brain injury?
- Falls
- Shaken Baby
- Sports accidents
What are anoxic episodes?
- Near drowning
- Smoke inhalation
- Strangling
What are more common, Open or Closed brain injuries?
Closed
What is the most common closed brain injury type? What does it do to the Axons in the brain?
Coup/Contracoup: Where the brain hits the front of the skull on impact and then slams to the back of the skull with inertia
It tears and stretches the Axons in the brain
What are some good predictors to how well a person will recover after a TBI?
- Duration of coma
- Age
- Location of injury
- Support systems
- PTA
What is a coma?
State of unconsciousness where the patient can not respond, even to painful stimuli
What is the Glasgow coma scale?
It rates the patients functional ability after a TBI
What is another Coma scale rating method?
Rancho Los Amigos scale of cognitive levels
What 3 things does the GSC measure?
- Eye opening response
- Verbal responses
- Motor responses
What is the lowest (worst) measurement on the GSC?
3
What is the highest (best) measurement on the GSC?
15
What numbers on the GSC indicate a server TBI?
8 or less
What numbers on the GSC indicate a moderate TBI?
9-12
What numbers on the GSC indicate a mild TBI?
13-15
What number on the GSC will you be if you are in a coma?
3-8
What are some signs of a mild TBI?
-No loss of consciousness
-Nausea
-Head ach
-Dizziness
GSC = 13-15
What are some signs of a moderated TBI?
-Coma for less than 24hrs
-Post-traumatic amnesia 1-24hrs
GSC = 9-12
What are some signs of a server TBI?
- Coma for more than 24hrs
- PTA for more than 1 day
- GSC = 3-8
Treatment for TBI?
Treatment depends on where the brain was injured
-Work on balance, ROM, Stretch, Strength and coordination
Most people with TBI are?
High in tone and spastic
