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THER 230 PTA > EXAM #1 > Flashcards

EXAM #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 scales used in the Bobath approach article?

A
  • Berge balance scale
  • Motor assessment scale
  • Stroke impact scale
  • Stroke impairment assessment set
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2
Q

Which approach worked better in the article?

A

The Bobath approach had better results

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3
Q

What are some common symptoms of neuro impairments?

A
  • Impaired strength
  • Muscle tone
  • ROM
  • Sensation
  • Balance
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4
Q

What are some pediatric neuro complications?

A
  • Down’s syndrome
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Spina bifida
  • TBI
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5
Q

What is a key thing to be aware of when treating kids vs adults with neuro conditions?

A

Attention span, kids have a shorter one, and to make it fun for both but especially children

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6
Q

How can positioning help someone with neuro problems?

A
  • Improves head and trunk control
  • Accommodates for lack of muscle control
  • Provides postural alignment
  • Decreases high tone
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7
Q

What affects can handling a neuro patient provide?

A
  • Increases or decreases tone
  • Calm or excite
  • Increases strength
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8
Q

What are some examples of hypotonia?

A
  • Floppy
  • Flaccid
  • Ataxic
  • Athetoid
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9
Q

What are some examples of hypertonia?

A
  • Mild/mod spasticity
  • Clonus
  • Rigidity
  • Ataxic
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10
Q

What causes abnormal tone?

A

Damage to any part of either the brain or the tracts in the spinal cord or the muscle and nerves themselves

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11
Q

What is a stretch reflex?

A

It is when the muscle spindle is stimulated causing the muscles to contract

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12
Q

What is the corticospinal tract for?

A

It is the descending tract

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13
Q

What is the biggest representation in the body?

A

The hand and face

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14
Q

What is a feedback mechanism?

A

Brain-spinal cord-muscle spindle-GTO and then back up

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15
Q

Where do the tracts cross over in the body?

A

In the medulla, Then it goes down the corticospinal tract (descending)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the midbrain?

A

To smooth over unwanted or ridged movements

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17
Q

What does the spinothelamic tract do?

A

It carries information from the spine to the thalamus

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18
Q

What are some examples of a UMN syndromes?

A
  • Brain injury
  • CVA
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s
  • Seizures
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19
Q

What are some signs of UMN Syndromes?

A
  • Exaggerated movements
  • Colonus
  • Babinski
  • Weakness
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20
Q

What are some LMN Syndromes?

A
  • Polio
  • Trauma
  • Guillain Bare
  • Tumors
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21
Q

What are some signs of LMN syndromes?

A
  • Weakness
  • Atrophy
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Fasciculations
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22
Q

What is the optimal position for sitting?

A
  • Hips 90
  • Knees 90
  • Feet flat on floor
  • Lumbar curve
  • Head aligned with shoulders
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23
Q

What are some facilitation techniques when handling low tone?

A
  • Contact over agonist
  • Quick stretch to the muscle
  • Distraction at the joint
  • Tapping or stroking muscles
  • Movement in functional patterns
24
Q

What are some inhibition techniques when handling high tone?

A
  • Contact over the antagonist muscle
  • Avoid palm or sole contact
  • Compression to the joint
25
Q

When do you facilitate?

A

With low tone

26
Q

When do you inhibit?

A

With high tone

27
Q

Who was PNF developed by?

A

Kabatt, Knott and Voss

28
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = Hold and relax

29
Q

What are 5 essential components of PNF?

A
  • Body position and mechanics
  • Quick stretch
  • Manual resistance
  • Joint facilitation
  • Timing of movement
30
Q

What is the stretch reflex used for?

A

To increases output to muscle

31
Q

What does manual resistance do?

A

Increases motor output

32
Q

What are the 3 main causes of strokes?

A
  • Thrombosis
  • Embolus
  • Hemorrhage
33
Q

What does Epidemiology mean?

A

Stats related to the disease

34
Q

What is the mechanism of a stroke?

A

Atherosclerosis is formation of plaque > vessel narrowing > stenosis, ulceration of lesions, thrombus > emboli

35
Q

What makes up to 57-60% of all strokes?

A

Thrombus - a clot made by plaque that clots and artery

36
Q

Where in the brain is the most common place for a stroke?

A

In the middle cerebral artery

37
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

A brain bleed

38
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a anterior cerebral artery infarct?

A
  • Contralateral hemiparesis
  • Sensory loss
  • Incontinence
  • Left side neglect
  • Apraxia
39
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a middle cerebral artery infarct?

A

MOST COMMON

  • Contralateral hemiplegia
  • Sensory deficit in UE and face
  • L = aphasia
  • R = Neglect
  • No vision in one eye
40
Q

What are the signs of a internal carotid artery infarct?

A
  • Coma

- Death

41
Q

What are the signs of a posterior cerebral artery infarct?

A
  • Contralateral hemianesthesia
  • Loss of vision in one eye
  • Tremors
  • Memory loss
42
Q

What are the signs of a vertebrobasilar arty infarct (basilar region)?

A
  • Occipital head ach
  • Coma
  • Double vision
  • Locked in syndrome
43
Q

What are the signs of a Vertebrobasilar Artery Infarct: (Vertebrobasilar Region)

A
  • Visual loss
  • Facial numbness
  • Sensory loss
  • Weakness
44
Q

What is the synergy patterns for UE?

A

FLEXION

  • Scapular retraction/elevation
  • Shoulder external rotation
  • Shoulder abduction to 90
  • Elbow flexion
  • Forearm supination
  • Wrist/finger flexion
45
Q

What is the synergy pattern for LE?

A

EXTENSION

  • Hip extension/ adduction/ internal rotation
  • Knee extension
  • Ankle plantar flexion and inversion
46
Q

What are some complications following a stroke?

A
  • Abnormal posture
  • Positioning
  • Spasticity
  • Impairment of speach
47
Q

What are some motor programming deficits in a left hemisphere stroke?

A
  • Role in sequencing
  • Difficulty with initiating movement
  • Harder to learn tasks
  • Apraxia
48
Q

What are some motor programming deficits with a right hemisphere stroke?

A
  • Role in sustaining movement

- Difficulty with movement and posture

49
Q

What is RSD?

A

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy -Warm, red, glossy skin, stiffness, contractures

50
Q

What are some early CVA rehab goals?

A
  • Maintain ROM
  • Promote active movement
  • Increases functional mobility
  • Initiate self care
51
Q

What are some therapeutic exercises?

A
  • Stretching
  • ROM
  • Endurance training
52
Q

What are some good modalities?

A

Hands and heat

-Ice is good for flaccidity

53
Q

What are some facilitation and inhibition techniques in the acute phase of rehab?

A

Should be 10-15 minutes long, with family and should include:

  • Tactile: lots of contact
  • Auditory: frequent talking
  • Visual stimulation: Decorate room
  • Proprioceptive: ROM/positioning
54
Q

What to do with patient in the sub acute phase?

A
  • Wrap limbs in warm blanket
  • Rocking
  • Proper positioning
  • Never use force
55
Q

Goal s for late phase of rehab?

A
  • Assist patient with goals
  • Improve patients time management skills
  • Motor planning ability

THER 230 PTA (11 decks)

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