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THER 230 PTA > EXAM #1 > Flashcards

EXAM #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a PTA’s role to assist the therapist with a neuro client?

A
  • Teaching the family/client
  • Adjusting aids
  • Carry out exercises
  • Assist in exercises
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2
Q

Who is apart of the REHAB team?

A
  • OTA, PTA
  • Doctors
  • Family
  • Nurses
  • Client
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3
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory cortex, responsible for touch and sensory

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4
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor cortex, Thinking and personality

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5
Q

What is a myotome?

A

One single spinal nerve cell supplying a muscle

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6
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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7
Q

What information is carried in the corticospinal tract?

A

Motor information which descends

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8
Q

What are the 3 branches in the circle of willis?

A
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Middle cerebral artery
  • Posterior cerebral artery
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9
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

it is a neurotransmitter that is excitatory

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10
Q

If you have high tone you are probably?

A

Spastic

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11
Q

If you have low tone you are probably?

A

Flaccid

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12
Q

What is motor control?

A

The ability to maintain and to change your body posture

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13
Q

What are the 2 theory’s of motor control?

A
  • Hierarchical model

- Systems model

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14
Q

What does the hierarchical model tell us?

A

The cortex sends information down the subcortical structures, so higher structures can inhibit lower ones

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15
Q

Primitive reflexes and tonic reflexes should be integrated by what age?

A

4-6 months

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16
Q

Rooting integration?

A

3 months

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17
Q

Moro integration?

A

4-6 months

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18
Q

Palmer grasp integration?

A

9 months

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19
Q

ATNR integration

A

4-6 months

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20
Q

STNR integration?

A

8-12 months

21
Q

Stability must be gained before..

A

Mobility

22
Q

Systems models of motor control?

A

Everything is working together

23
Q

What are the 7 components to postural control?

A
  • Limits of stability: stable base of support
  • Environmental adaptation: posture adapts to environment
  • Musculoskeletal system: ROM/strength
  • Predictive central set: readiness to move
  • Motor coordination: sequence muscles
  • Eye-head stabilization
  • Sensory organization: all senses contribute
24
Q

What are 3 common strategies in standing?

A
  • Ankle strategy
  • Hip
  • Stepping
25
Q

The visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems determine?

A

What strategies to use in standing

26
Q

What are the 3 phases to motor learning?

A
  • Cognitive
  • Associative
  • Autonomous
27
Q

What is the cognitive phase in motor learning?

A

When learning a new task, the learner must spend a great deal of time learning what the task entails

28
Q

What is the associative phase in motor learning?

A

Some learning has occurred but frequent errors are still being made. Learning is now concentrating on how to do the task

29
Q

What is the autonomous phase in motor learning?

A

Task is automatic – few mistakes are made. Learner now wants to know “how to succeed”.

30
Q

What did Brunnstrom develop?

A

An approach for recovery with stroke patients

31
Q

What are the phases of development?

A

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adult, middle adult, older adult (young old, middle-old, and old-old)

32
Q

Head control is obtained?

A

4 months

33
Q

Walking is obtained?

A

12-24 months

34
Q

What are the 3 steps to the PT’s Evaluation?

A
  1. Observation of the patient during functional or skilled activities, ADLs and at rest
  2. Comparison of the patient’s movements with normal movements
  3. Analysis of the patient’s motor control problems
35
Q

What are the 5 components of normal movement to preform any functional task?

A

1) Trunk control and mobility
2) Head control
3) Midline orientation of self and vertical orientation of the body to the environment
4) Weight bearing and weight shifting in all directions, static and dynamic balance
5) Limb movement

36
Q

What are 5 reasons a patient can not preform an activity?

A
  • Abnormal tone
  • Poor motivation
  • Poor motor control
  • Poor sensation
  • Limitation of movement
37
Q

What limits the final outcome of treatment?

A
  • Severe spasticity or persistent flaccidity that prevents selective movement
  • Severe perceptual deficits
  • Pain from joint disease
  • Severe apraxia
  • Severe cognitive limitations
  • Severe cardiovascular limitations
38
Q

What are the 6 brunnstroms stages of recovery for U/E?

A

1) Flaccidity
2) Beginning of spasticity
3) Active initiation of synergy
4) movements deviating from synergy
5) movements independent of synergy
6) Isolated joint movements

39
Q

What is the Ashworth scale for grading spasticity (the Extreme’s 0 and 4) ?

A

0 - No increase in tone
1- 1+ - Slight increase in tone, giving a “catch” when moved in flexion or extension
2 - More marked increase in tone but affected part(s) easily flexed
3 - Considerable increase in tone; passive movement difficult
4 - Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

40
Q

What does the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Hearing and language

41
Q

What does C5 supply?

A

Deltoids

42
Q

What does C6 supply?

A

Biceps

43
Q

What does C7 supply?

A

Triceps

44
Q

What does C8 supply?

A

Thumb extensors

45
Q

What does T1 supply?

A

Finger adduction and abduction

46
Q

What does L3 supply?

A

Quads

47
Q

What does L4 supply?

A

Dorsiflexors

48
Q

What does L5 supply?

A

Toe extensors

49
Q

What does S1 supply?

A

Plantar flexion

THER 230 PTA (11 decks)

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