EXAM #1

Question 1

What is a PTA’s role to assist the therapist with a neuro client?

Answer 1

• Teaching the family/client
• Adjusting aids
• Carry out exercises
• Assist in exercises

Question 2

Who is apart of the REHAB team?

Answer 2

• OTA, PTA
• Doctors
• Family
• Nurses
• Client

Question 3

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 3

Somatosensory cortex, responsible for touch and sensory

Question 4

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 4

Motor cortex, Thinking and personality

Question 5

What is a myotome?

Answer 5

One single spinal nerve cell supplying a muscle

Question 6

What is a dermatome?

Answer 6

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 7

What information is carried in the corticospinal tract?

Answer 7

Motor information which descends

Question 8

What are the 3 branches in the circle of willis?

Answer 8

• Anterior cerebral artery
• Middle cerebral artery
• Posterior cerebral artery

Question 9

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 9

it is a neurotransmitter that is excitatory

Question 10

If you have high tone you are probably?

Answer 10

Spastic

Question 11

If you have low tone you are probably?

Answer 11

Flaccid

Question 12

What is motor control?

Answer 12

The ability to maintain and to change your body posture

Question 13

What are the 2 theory’s of motor control?

Answer 13

• Hierarchical model

- Systems model

Question 14

What does the hierarchical model tell us?

Answer 14

The cortex sends information down the subcortical structures, so higher structures can inhibit lower ones

Question 15

Primitive reflexes and tonic reflexes should be integrated by what age?

Answer 15

4-6 months

Question 16

Rooting integration?

Answer 16

3 months

Question 17

Moro integration?

Answer 17

4-6 months

Question 18

Palmer grasp integration?

Answer 18

9 months

Question 19

ATNR integration

Answer 19

4-6 months

Question 20

STNR integration?

Answer 20

8-12 months

Question 21

Stability must be gained before..

Answer 21

Mobility

Question 22

Systems models of motor control?

Answer 22

Everything is working together

Question 23

What are the 7 components to postural control?

Answer 23

• Limits of stability: stable base of support
• Environmental adaptation: posture adapts to environment
• Musculoskeletal system: ROM/strength
• Predictive central set: readiness to move
• Motor coordination: sequence muscles
• Eye-head stabilization
• Sensory organization: all senses contribute

Question 24

What are 3 common strategies in standing?

Answer 24

• Ankle strategy
• Hip
• Stepping

Question 25

The visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems determine?

Answer 25

What strategies to use in standing

Question 26

What are the 3 phases to motor learning?

Answer 26

- Cognitive - Associative - Autonomous

Question 27

What is the cognitive phase in motor learning?

Answer 27

When learning a new task, the learner must spend a great deal of time learning what the task entails

Question 28

What is the associative phase in motor learning?

Answer 28

Some learning has occurred but frequent errors are still being made. Learning is now concentrating on how to do the task

Question 29

What is the autonomous phase in motor learning?

Answer 29

Task is automatic – few mistakes are made. Learner now wants to know “how to succeed”.

Question 30

What did Brunnstrom develop?

Answer 30

An approach for recovery with stroke patients

Question 31

What are the phases of development?

Answer 31

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adult, middle adult, older adult (young old, middle-old, and old-old)

Question 32

Head control is obtained?

Answer 32

4 months

Question 33

Walking is obtained?

Answer 33

12-24 months

Question 34

What are the 3 steps to the PT's Evaluation?

Answer 34

1. Observation of the patient during functional or skilled activities, ADLs and at rest 2. Comparison of the patient’s movements with normal movements 3. Analysis of the patient’s motor control problems

Question 35

What are the 5 components of normal movement to preform any functional task?

Answer 35

1) Trunk control and mobility 2) Head control 3) Midline orientation of self and vertical orientation of the body to the environment 4) Weight bearing and weight shifting in all directions, static and dynamic balance 5) Limb movement

Question 36

What are 5 reasons a patient can not preform an activity?

Answer 36

- Abnormal tone - Poor motivation - Poor motor control - Poor sensation - Limitation of movement

Question 37

What limits the final outcome of treatment?

Answer 37

- Severe spasticity or persistent flaccidity that prevents selective movement - Severe perceptual deficits - Pain from joint disease - Severe apraxia - Severe cognitive limitations - Severe cardiovascular limitations

Question 38

What are the 6 brunnstroms stages of recovery for U/E?

Answer 38

1) Flaccidity 2) Beginning of spasticity 3) Active initiation of synergy 4) movements deviating from synergy 5) movements independent of synergy 6) Isolated joint movements

Question 39

What is the Ashworth scale for grading spasticity (the Extreme's 0 and 4) ?

Answer 39

0 - No increase in tone 1- 1+ - Slight increase in tone, giving a “catch” when moved in flexion or extension 2 - More marked increase in tone but affected part(s) easily flexed 3 - Considerable increase in tone; passive movement difficult 4 - Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Question 40

What does the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 40

Hearing and language

Question 41

What does C5 supply?

Answer 41

Deltoids

Question 42

What does C6 supply?

Answer 42

Biceps

Question 43

What does C7 supply?

Answer 43

Triceps

Question 44

What does C8 supply?

Answer 44

Thumb extensors

Question 45

What does T1 supply?

Answer 45

Finger adduction and abduction

Question 46

What does L3 supply?

Answer 46

Quads

Question 47

What does L4 supply?

Answer 47

Dorsiflexors

Question 48

What does L5 supply?

Answer 48

Toe extensors

Question 49

What does S1 supply?

Answer 49

Plantar flexion