EXAM #1 Flashcards
What is a PTA’s role to assist the therapist with a neuro client?
- Teaching the family/client
- Adjusting aids
- Carry out exercises
- Assist in exercises
Who is apart of the REHAB team?
- OTA, PTA
- Doctors
- Family
- Nurses
- Client
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory cortex, responsible for touch and sensory
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Motor cortex, Thinking and personality
What is a myotome?
One single spinal nerve cell supplying a muscle
What is a dermatome?
An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
What information is carried in the corticospinal tract?
Motor information which descends
What are the 3 branches in the circle of willis?
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
What is acetylcholine?
it is a neurotransmitter that is excitatory
If you have high tone you are probably?
Spastic
If you have low tone you are probably?
Flaccid
What is motor control?
The ability to maintain and to change your body posture
What are the 2 theory’s of motor control?
- Hierarchical model
- Systems model
What does the hierarchical model tell us?
The cortex sends information down the subcortical structures, so higher structures can inhibit lower ones
Primitive reflexes and tonic reflexes should be integrated by what age?
4-6 months
Rooting integration?
3 months
Moro integration?
4-6 months
Palmer grasp integration?
9 months
ATNR integration
4-6 months
STNR integration?
8-12 months
Stability must be gained before..
Mobility
Systems models of motor control?
Everything is working together
What are the 7 components to postural control?
- Limits of stability: stable base of support
- Environmental adaptation: posture adapts to environment
- Musculoskeletal system: ROM/strength
- Predictive central set: readiness to move
- Motor coordination: sequence muscles
- Eye-head stabilization
- Sensory organization: all senses contribute
What are 3 common strategies in standing?
- Ankle strategy
- Hip
- Stepping
The visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems determine?
What strategies to use in standing
What are the 3 phases to motor learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
What is the cognitive phase in motor learning?
When learning a new task, the learner must spend a great deal of time learning what the task entails
What is the associative phase in motor learning?
Some learning has occurred but frequent errors are still being made. Learning is now concentrating on how to do the task
What is the autonomous phase in motor learning?
Task is automatic – few mistakes are made. Learner now wants to know “how to succeed”.
What did Brunnstrom develop?
An approach for recovery with stroke patients
What are the phases of development?
Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adult, middle adult, older adult (young old, middle-old, and old-old)
Head control is obtained?
4 months
Walking is obtained?
12-24 months
What are the 3 steps to the PT’s Evaluation?
- Observation of the patient during functional or skilled activities, ADLs and at rest
- Comparison of the patient’s movements with normal movements
- Analysis of the patient’s motor control problems
What are the 5 components of normal movement to preform any functional task?
1) Trunk control and mobility
2) Head control
3) Midline orientation of self and vertical orientation of the body to the environment
4) Weight bearing and weight shifting in all directions, static and dynamic balance
5) Limb movement
What are 5 reasons a patient can not preform an activity?
- Abnormal tone
- Poor motivation
- Poor motor control
- Poor sensation
- Limitation of movement
What limits the final outcome of treatment?
- Severe spasticity or persistent flaccidity that prevents selective movement
- Severe perceptual deficits
- Pain from joint disease
- Severe apraxia
- Severe cognitive limitations
- Severe cardiovascular limitations
What are the 6 brunnstroms stages of recovery for U/E?
1) Flaccidity
2) Beginning of spasticity
3) Active initiation of synergy
4) movements deviating from synergy
5) movements independent of synergy
6) Isolated joint movements
What is the Ashworth scale for grading spasticity (the Extreme’s 0 and 4) ?
0 - No increase in tone
1- 1+ - Slight increase in tone, giving a “catch” when moved in flexion or extension
2 - More marked increase in tone but affected part(s) easily flexed
3 - Considerable increase in tone; passive movement difficult
4 - Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension
What does the temporal lobe responsible for?
Hearing and language
What does C5 supply?
Deltoids
What does C6 supply?
Biceps
What does C7 supply?
Triceps
What does C8 supply?
Thumb extensors
What does T1 supply?
Finger adduction and abduction
What does L3 supply?
Quads
What does L4 supply?
Dorsiflexors
What does L5 supply?
Toe extensors
What does S1 supply?
Plantar flexion
