Exam 1 theories and causes

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

study of behavior and the mind

Question 2

pschopathology

Answer 2

study of the nature,
development, and treatment of psychological
disorders

Question 3

person-first terminology

Answer 3

person with autism vs autistic

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

a language of science that allows us to
assemble and communicate existing knowledge
effectively

Question 5

etiology

Answer 5

the study of the causes of childhood disorders

Question 6

epigenetics

Answer 6

study of how behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way an individual’s genes work

Question 7

sensitive periods

Answer 7

windows of time during which environmental influences on development, both good and bad, are enhanced

play a meaningful role in any discussion of child psychopathology

Question 8

neural plasticity

Answer 8

the brain’s anatomical
differentiation is use-dependent.

he ability of the brain to change its structure and function in response to stimuli

Question 9

gene enviornment interaction (GxE)

Answer 9

Complex interplay of nature and nurture to account for genetic and environmental influences and their timing.

Question 10

caveats to consider when reviewing models

Answer 10

1)No single theoretical orientation/model fully explains various behaviors or disorders.
2)Models considering more than one primary cause are still limited by the boundaries of their discipline or orientation.
3) Atypical child behavior is best studied from a multi-theoretical perspective.
4)Knowledge increases through research.

Question 11

neruobiological perspective

Answer 11

-brain is seen as the underlying cause of psych disorders
-Events experienced during sensitive
periods can both help and harm typical
development
- Specifically, events may influence a child differently depending on the maturation level of their brain
-involves genetically inherited traits/predispositions from their parents

Question 12

biopsychosocial model

Answer 12

Biological, psychological,
and sociocultural factors
are seen as influencing
the development of the individual

Provides fairly equal weight to biology,
psychology, and sociocultural aspects

more culturally sensitive

Question 13

BSP model: biological

Answer 13

Genetic inheritance.
Physiological changes.
Exposure to toxic
substances

Question 14

BPS model: psychological

Answer 14

Past learning experiences.
Maladaptive thought
patterns.
Difficulties coping with
stress.

Question 15

BPS model: sociocultural

Answer 15

Social policies.
Discrimination.
Stigma.

Question 16

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model

Answer 16

The child’s environment is a series of nested and interconnected structures with the child at the center.

Question 17

cognitive behavioral perspective

Answer 17

Thoughts, emotions, and actions all
influence one another (have a thought, experience an emotion, take action, repeat)

Behaviors are learned and shaped by the
environment and an individual behavior’s
influence and shape their environment

Question 18

Cog beh: emotions and affective expression

Answer 18

Are core elements of human psychological
experience
* Are a central feature of infant activity and
regulation
* Tell us what to pay attention to/what to ignore
* Affect quality of social interactions and
relationships
* Are important for internal monitoring and
guidance

Question 19

emotion reactivity

Answer 19

individual
differences in the threshold and intensity
of emotional experience

Question 20

emotion regulation

Answer 20

involves
maintaining or inhibiting emotional
arousal.
o Regulation versus dysregulation
o Important signals of typical and atypical
development

Question 21

classical conditioning

Answer 21

Involves paired
associations between
previously neutral stimuli
and unconditioned
stimuli

Question 22

operant conditioning

Answer 22

Learning process in
which the likelihood of a
behavior is increased or
decreased through
reinforcement or
punishment

Question 23

Why is knowledge of development important to consider when discussing child psychopathology?

Answer 23

as children age, typical behaviors change. for example, things that are typical for young children, such as impulsiveness and not understanding certain social norms, are not typical for older children and could be something that is diagnosable.