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2025 Anatomy II > Exam 1: Lecture 2: Myology of the thoracic limb > Flashcards

Exam 1: Lecture 2: Myology of the thoracic limb Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star?

A

-Trapezius (cervical & thoracic)

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2
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star?

A

-Serratus ventralis (thoracic)

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3
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star?

A

-Omotransversarius

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4
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star?

A

-Brachiocephalicus

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5
Q

What group of muscles is this?

A

-Pectoral muscles

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6
Q

What muscle is number 5?

A

-Superficial pectoral m.

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7
Q

What muscle is number 6?

A

-Deep pectoral m.

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8
Q

What are the black and red lines pointing to? (top ones)

A

-Dorsal scapular ligament

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9
Q

What acts as a sling to help keep the scapula in place?

A

-Dorsal scapular ligament

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10
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

Dorsal border of the scapula

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11
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

Dorsal scapular ligament

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12
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star? (Trapezius m. has been removed)

A

Rhomboideus m.

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13
Q

What muscle is indicated by the star? (2 parts)

A

Serratus ventralis

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14
Q

What is the thoracic “sling”?

A

-A synsarcosis (joint that binds 2 bony structures only by muscles)

-The extrinsic muscles suspend the trunk between the forelimbs & fix the scapula

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15
Q

What happened to cause the abnormality shown?

A

-Rupture of serratus ventralis muscle

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16
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

-Supraspinatus m.
-Infraspinatus m.
-Deltoideus m.
-Subclavius m. (extrinsic m. actually)
-Teres minor m.
-Subscapularis m.
-Teres major m.
-Coracobrachialis m.

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17
Q

What is the muscle indicated by the blue arrow?

A

-Supraspinatus m.

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the supraspinatus m.?

A

-O: Supraspinous fossa

-I: Greater & lesser tubercles of the humerus

-A: Extend & stabilize the humeral joint

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19
Q

What is the muscle indicated by the green arrow?

A

Infraspinatus m.

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the infraspinatus m.?

A

-O: Infraspinous fossa

-I: Superficial tendon - on greater tubercle of humerus (infraspinatus bursa here)
-I: Deep tendon - on caudal eminence of greater tubercle

-A: Fixator & abductor of humeral joint

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21
Q

What muscle is indicated by the blue arrow?

A

Deltoideus m.

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the deltoideus m.?

A

-O: Caudal border of scapula, aponeurosis which covers infraspinatus

-I: Deltoid tuberosity

-A: Flexor & abductor of the shoulder

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23
Q

What muscle is indicated by the green arrow?

A

-Subclavius m.

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the subclavius m.?

A

-O: Cranial part of sternum (close to supraspinatus m.)

-I: Supraspinatus m. epimysium

-A: Complement the pectoral muscle

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25
Q

What muscle is indicated by the blue arrow?

A

Subscapularis m.

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the subscapularis m.?

A

-O: Subscapular fossa

-I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

-A: Stabilize the shoulder & adduction

27
Q

What muscle is indicated by the green arrow?

A

Teres major m.

28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the teres major m.?

A

-O: Caudal angle of scapula & adjacent border of scapula

-I: Teres major tuberosity of humerus

-A: Mainly flexor of shoulder

29
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the brachium?

A

-Triceps brachii m.
-Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
-Anconeus m.
-Biceps brachii m.
-Brachialis m.
-Coracobrachialis m.

30
Q

What muscle is indicated by the large blue arrow?

A

Biceps brachii m.

31
Q

What structure of biceps brachii m. is indicated by the small blue arrow?

A

-Intertubercular bursa

32
Q

What structure of biceps brachii m. is indicated by the small green arrow?

A

-Lacertus fibrosus

33
Q

Where is the intertubercular bursa of biceps brachii m. located?

A

-Located between the tendon of origin of biceps brachii & the intertubercular grooves of the humerus

34
Q

What is important about lacertus fibrosus of biceps brachii m.?

A

-Tendinous insertion of biceps brachii on the extensor carpi radialis m.
-Part of the stay apparatus

35
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

Biceps brachii m.

36
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

Extensor carpi radialis m.

37
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

-Lacertus fibrosus

38
Q

What muscle is indicated by all the arrows?

A

Triceps brachii m.

39
Q

What muscle part is indicated by the navy arrow?

A

Long head of triceps brachii m.

40
Q

What muscle part is indicated by the orange arrow?

A

Medial head of triceps brachii m.

41
Q

What muscle part is indicated by the light blue arrow?

A

Lateral head of triceps brachii m.

42
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of triceps brachii m.?

A

-O: Long head - caudal border of scapula
Lateral head - deltoid tuberosity
Medial head - medial aspect of humerus

-I: Olecranon tuber

-A: Extension of elbow & flexion of shoulder (only long head)

43
Q

What bursae are located in triceps brachii m.?

A

-Subtendinous (very large): located between the long head of triceps & olecranon

-Subcutaneous (between tendon & skin)

44
Q

What muscle is indicated by the blue arrow?

A

Extensor carpi radialis m.

45
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the extensor carpi radialis m.?

A

-O: Lateral supracondylar crest of humerus

-I: Metacarpal tuberosity

-N: Radial n.

-A: Extend & flex carpus (& flex elbow joint)

46
Q

What muscle is indicated by the green arrow?

A

Common digital extensor m.

47
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the common digital extensor m.?

A

-O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

-I: Extensor process of distal phalanx & dorsal surface of proximal & middle phalanges

-N: Radial n.

-A: Extend the carpus & digit (& flex the elbow joint)

48
Q

What is the muscle shown by the blue arrow?

A

Lateral digital extensor m.

49
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the lateral digital extensor m.?

A

-O: Lateral tuberosity of the radius, lateral collateral lig. of the elbow

-I: Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx

-N: Radial n.

-A: Extend the carpus & digit

50
Q

What muscle is shown by the green arrow?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris lateralis)

51
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of ulnaris lateralis (Extensor carpi ulnaris)?

A

-O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

-I: Short tendon - accessory carpal bone
Long tendon - metacarpal bone IV

-N: Radial n.

-A: Flex and abduct the carpus

52
Q

What muscle is shown by the blue arrow?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

53
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

-O: Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humreus
Ulnar head - olecranon

-I: Accessory carpal bone

-N: Ulnar n.

-A: Flex the carpus (& extend the elbow joint)

54
Q

What muscle is indicated by the green arrow?

A

Flexor carpi radialis m.

55
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

-O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

-I: Metacarpal bone II

-N: Median n.

-A: Flex the carpus (& extend the elbow)

56
Q

What is the muscle highlighted in green?

A

Superficial digital flexor m.

57
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superficial digital flexor m.?

A

-O: Medial epicondyle of humerus & radius (proximal accessory lig.)

-I: Flexor surfaces of proximal & middle phalanges

-N: Ulnar n.

-A: Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) & carpus

58
Q

What muscle is highlighted in red?

A

Superficial digital flexor m.

59
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superficial digital flexor m.?

A

-O: Humeral head - medial epicondyle (distal accessory lig.)
Ulnar head - olecranon
Radial head - radius

-I: Flexor surface of distal phalanx

-N: Median & ulnar nn.

-A: Flex the digit & carpus (secondary)

60
Q

What is the suspensory apparatus in the carpus of horses?

A

-The suspensory ligament (aka interosseous muscle)

61
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do?

A

-Very little muscle fiber in large animals
-Connects bone to bone = ligament
-Passive: DOES NOT FLEX JOINTS

62
Q

How can the suspensory ligament be broken down? (hint: 4 anatomical areas)

A

-Proximal
-Mid-body
-Branches
-Extensor branches

63
Q

What is the name of the continuation of suspensory ligament distal to sesamoids?

A

-Distal sesamoidean ligaments

64
Q

What is the equine stay apparatus?

A

-Group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia & joints

-Allows horses to maintain their standing posture for hours, w/out energy loss

-Joint “blocks” & avoid energy losses

2025 Anatomy II (6 decks)

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