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Patho Fall 2019 > Exam 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors in maintaining cellular homeostasis

A

cell volume, electrolyte balance, pH, cell metabolism, cell transport

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2
Q

Signs & symptoms - which is objective?

A

Signs

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3
Q

Signs & symptoms - which is subjective?

A

Symptoms

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4
Q

Iatrogenic cause of disease is ?

A

From medical care - extrinsic

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5
Q

Which of the following are signs?

BP, fever, fatigue, pain

A

blood pressure

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6
Q

What percentage of weight is made up of total body water?

A

60%

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7
Q 
Which of the following are maladaptive responses of the cell to stress?
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
A

Dysplasia

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8
Q

Increased ADH results in water ______

A

retention

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9
Q

Increased ADH is a result of ____ plasma osmolarity

A

Increased

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10
Q

H2O is regulated by?

A

ADH/thirst system

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11
Q

Osmolyte balance is regulated by?

A

Systematically: RAAS - renin/angiotensin
Intracellularly: Na/K ATPase Pumps

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12
Q

Major osmolyte in extracellular space?

A

Na

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13
Q

Major osmolyte in intracellular space?

A

K

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14
Q

Hypotonic solutions result in ____ of cell

A

Swelling

Solution is diluted

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15
Q

Hypertonic solutions result in ____ of cell

A

Shrinkage

Solution is concentrated

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16
Q

3% NS administered to a patient. Cells will Swell or Shrink?

A

Shrink

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17
Q

1/2NS is administered to patient. Cells will swell or shrink?

A

Swell

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18
Q

Increased plasma osmolarity results in _____ ADH

A

increased

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19
Q

Decreased blood volume results in ___ which stimulates _____ and releases ______

A

Decreased BP, baroreceptors, renin

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20
Q

Renin stimulates ____, which stimulates _____, therefore releasing ____

A

Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II, Aldosterone

21
Q

Aldosterone causes kidneys to conserve _____ and waste _____

A

Conserve Sodium

Waste Potassium

22
Q

RAAS is controlled by?

A

Blood volume and blood pressure

23
Q

Aldosterone ultimately causes what?

A

Sodium retention, potassium loss

24
Q

If ATPase pumps fail, what would happen?

A

Sodium accumulates in cell, cell will swell

25
Q

ECF is ______

A

3 subcompartments: intravascular space + interstitial space + transcellular fluid

26
Q

Interstitial space + Intravascular space + transcellular fluid =

A

ECF

27
Q

Third spacing is comprised of what fluid?

A

Transcellular

28
Q

Fluid between serous membranes

A

Transcellular

29
Q

Intrapleural Fluid

A

Transcellular Fluid

30
Q

Intraperitoneal fluid

A

Transcellular Fluid

31
Q

Total Body Water is composed of?

A

ICF + ECF

32
Q

% of body that is TBW?

A

60%

33
Q

Biggest factor of TBW

A

% body fat

34
Q

Higher body fat % results in ___ % TBW

A

Decreased

35
Q

Decreased production of albumin results in ____ which leads to _____

A

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure, Edema

36
Q

Liver failure will result in edema d/t which cause?

A

Decreased albumin, decreased plasma oncotic pressure

37
Q

Starvation will result in edema d/t which cause?

A

Decreased albumin, decreased plasma oncotic pressure

38
Q

Vascular injury will cause _____ oncotic pressure resulting in _____

A

increased interstitial, edema

39
Q

Why does a scratch cause edema?

A

inflammation causes increased capillary permeability from vascular injury which causes increased interstitial oncotic pressure

40
Q

___ will cause a ____ in capillary blood pressure which results in _____

A

HTN, increase, edema

41
Q

A tumor in a lymph node (or absent lymph node) will result in ____

A

edema

42
Q

Isotonic alterations are a result of ____

A

change of TBW

43
Q

Hemorrhage is an example of which type of ECF condition

A

Isovolumetric depletion

44
Q

Excess IVF administration is an example of ___; which is a ____ cause.

A

Isovolumetric excess; iatrogenic

45
Q

Inadequate fluid intake results in ____ alterations

A

Hypertonic

46
Q

Kidneys not responsive to ADH will result in which ECF condition?

A

Hypertonic d/t water deficit

47
Q

Diuretics work by blocking ____ resulting in a _____ ECF alteration

A

Sodium reabsorption, hypotonic ECF alteration

48
Q

Hypertonic Hyponatremia

A

Condition where blood osmolarity is elevated, but Na concentration in blood is reduced. Accumulation of Non-sodium osmolyte (blood glucose & cholesterol)

49
Q

Elevated blood glucose or blood cholesterol could result in ______ ECF alteration

A

hypertonic hyponatremia

Patho Fall 2019 (13 decks)

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