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Patho Fall 2019 > Ex2L1 NS > Flashcards

Ex2L1 NS Flashcards

1
Q

patterns of cell connectivity in brain

A
  1. Spatially focused

2. Widely divergent

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2
Q

Spatially focused cells focus on

A

Discrete tasks, narrow functions

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3
Q

Widely divergent connectivity focuses on

A

Controlling level of excitability in multiple parts of brain

Influence over complicated behaviors

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4
Q

Norepinephrine originates in

A

Locus Cooruleus

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5
Q

Norepinephrine affects

A

Sleep/wake cycle
Mood
Executive function (attention)

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6
Q

Serotonin effects

A 
Positive affect (mood)
Motor excitability
Thermoregulation 
Safety/fear 
Influences visual perception 
** think of NMDA
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7
Q

Dopamine originates from

A 
Substantia nigra (basal ganglia)
Ventral regimental area
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8
Q

Dopamine effects

A

Reward system

Motor Function

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9
Q

Input from dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra

A

Stimulatory

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10
Q

Input from cholinergic cells, releasing ACh

A

Inhibitory

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11
Q

Parkinsons is a result of

A

Loss of dopamine

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12
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Slowing of motor movements

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13
Q

Important aspect of dopamine reward system

A

Addiction - projects into prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

Spatially focused cells would be involved in

A

Motor movements in body

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15
Q

What neurotransmitter strongly influences motivation and planning?

A

Dopamine (tied to reward system/prefrontal cortex)

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16
Q

Where do all neurotransmitters originate from?

A

Brain stem

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17
Q

Nerves that extend out from brain

A

Cranial nerves

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18
Q

How many CNerves are there

A

12 pairs

19
Q

Impact of vagus nerve

A

70 percent of parasympathetic activity is carried via vagus nerves
*maintenance of baseline fxn

20
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

21
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglia

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

22
Q

Ventral portion of spinal cord

A

Motor function

23
Q

Dorsal component of spinal cord

A

Sensory function

24
Q

Dermatome map

A

Sensory map

*relevant for shingles (optic nerve damage)

25
Q

Myotome map

A

Motor neurons coming out of each muscle pair

*injury to spinal cord would cause impaired motor fxn to corresponding muscle groups

26
Q

Gray matter in spinal cord consists of

A

Cell bodies

27
Q

Horizontal direction relates to ____ matter in spinal cord

A

Gray matter

Projects into/out of gray matter

28
Q

Somatosensory nerves from body project into _____ horn,

Synapse onto _______, and _____ conveys input to brain

A

Dorsal horn
Interneurons
Sensory input conveyed to brain

29
Q

Sensory input conveyed to brain travels through

A

Axon fiber in white matter

30
Q

Lateral horn

A

Cell bodies of autonomic efferent neurons

31
Q

Autonomic efferent neurons are controlled via

A

Autonomic nervous system

32
Q

Autonomic efferent neurons diverge from spinal nerves where?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

33
Q

Function of autonomic efferent neurons

A

Command neuron that travels to visceral organ to create effect

34
Q

Ventral horn

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons

35
Q

Effect of cells from ventral horn

A

Project out of ventral horn to contact skeletal muscle, cause contraction/motor movement

36
Q

White matter

A

Axon fibers

37
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Myelination

38
Q

White matter should be thought of in which direction

A

Vertical movement

*ascending/descending

39
Q

Ascending axon fibers are located

A

Dorsal surface

40
Q

Ascending axon fibers are responsible for

A

Sensory or receiving information

41
Q

Descending axon fibers are located

A

Ventral surface

42
Q

Descending axon fibers are responsible for

A

Motor/Efferent

43
Q

“Corticospinal” fibers are located

A

Descending/ventral surface

44
Q

“Spincerebellar” or “spinothalamic” fibers are located where

A

Ascending/sensory

Dorsal Surface

Patho Fall 2019 (13 decks)

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