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A&P For SLP > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thalamus

A

Paired structure composed of two egg shaped nuclei. It’s separated from the Basal Ganglia by the internal capsule.

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2
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

The thalamus alerts the brain to incoming stimuli, like an early warning system

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3
Q

Final Common Relay

A

All incoming sensory information has to go through the thalamus

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions or vital processes of an organism

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5
Q

Cerebral Dominance

A

The control of certain forms of learned behavior are localized or predominately found in one cerebral hemisphere, or in one side of the brain, or the other

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6
Q

Projection Fibers/Tracts

A

Convey impulses to and from the cerebral cortex and more remote regions of the CNS

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7
Q

Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Interconnects different regions in the same hemisphere

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8
Q

Commissural Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect an area of one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding area in the other cerebral hemisphere

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9
Q

Connection Fibers/Tracts

A

Primary subcortical structures. Allows the area of the brain to communicate

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10
Q

Short Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect contiguous gyri

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11
Q

Long Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect more distant area within the same hemisphere

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12
Q

Gray Matter

A

Composed of cell bodies

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13
Q

Excitatory Impulse/Effect

A

Increase in stimulation. Neural impulses travel quicker, respond faster and stronger

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14
Q

Central Nervous System Function and Major Structures

A

All sensory information is flowing towards and where all motor information in transmitted out from. Brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

Connects speech production in the frontal lobe to the speech understanding are of the temporal lobe

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16
Q

uncinate fasciculus

A

Connects frontal and temporal lobes

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17
Q

cingulum

A

Connects the frontal and parietal lobes to the temporal lobe

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18
Q

Nerves

A

bundles or chains of neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System

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19
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles or chains of neurons in the Central Nervous System

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20
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Involved in the production of observable events and the environmental changes

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21
Q

Motor Component

A

Concerned with execution of bodily functions under voluntary control

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22
Q

Sensory Component

A

Receives feedback from skeletal muscles, responsible for environmental perception, and concerned with other non visceral components

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23
Q

Pyramidal Function Division

A

Responsible for initiation of voluntary motor acts

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24
Q

Extrapyramidal Division

A

Responsible for background tone and movement supporting the primary motor act

25
Q

Afferent

A

Moving towards

26
Q

Primary Functions of Nervous System

A
  1. Reception of sensory input from the internal and external environments
  2. Transmission of motor outputs that govern muscular and glandular activity
  3. Integration and exchange of information so that the various structures and parts of the body are regulated in a coordinated manner
27
Q

Myelin

A

Covers axons, a fatty substance

28
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Make up the myelin in Central Nervous System, also a type of macroglial cell

29
Q

Neurolemmal Cells

A

Non nervous cells that make up the myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System

30
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath. Impulses jump from one to the next, causes impulses to travel quicker and more precise

31
Q

What Makes up the Basal Ganglia

A

Made up of caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (make up of putamen and globus pallidus), claustrum, and amygdaloid body

32
Q

Basal Ganglia Main Function

A

Helps refine movement, or it sequences and coordinates movement and also boosts and suppresses interfering movements

33
Q

Basal Ganglia 4 Primary Functions

A
  1. Regulates muscle tone that supports the primary movement
  2. Controls postural adjustments during skilled movements
  3. Adjusts movement to the environment
  4. Allows us to learn new movements
34
Q

Fissures

A

Deep Sulci

35
Q

Sulci

A

folds or grooves on the cortex

36
Q

Gyri

A

Hills on the cortex

37
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Brodmann’s Area 6. Responsible for complex skilled movements, like hand eye coordination and finger movement

38
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for the planning and initiation of movements and behaviors

39
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Brodmann’s Area 22. Responsible for the comprehension of verbal language, the analysis and elaboration of speech sounds, and verbal memory

40
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Responsible for recognition, reception, and interpretation of visual stimuli

41
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Brodmann’s area 1-3. Plays a significant role in receiving and interpreting sensory information from the opposite side of the body. Responsible for pain, temperature, pressure, and touch

42
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Brodmann’s Area 4. Responsible for activating and controlling the muscles on the opposite side of the body

43
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Brodmann’s Area 44. Controls the lip, jaw, tongue, and vocal fold movements. More specifically, planning and coordinating movement.

44
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory reception and receptive language processing

46
Q

Heschl’s Gyrus

A

Brodmann’s area 41. Auditory reception and processing

47
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Brodmann’s area 10-12. Anatomical area of intelligence. Reasoning, abstract thinking, self monitoring, planning, decision making, pragmatics

48
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

Brodmann’s area 39. Responsible for the comprehension of written material

49
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Function and Structures

A

12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves. Conducts sensory information to the CNS and motor information away to rest of body.

50
Q

White Matter

A

Composed of myelinated processes, like axons

51
Q

Contralateral Function

A

Each side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

52
Q

Decussation

A

crossing over

53
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Deep to the thalamus, control center for autonomic nervous system and an important crossroads for limbic system, provides organization for limbic system

54
Q

Hypothalamus with Limbic System

A

Regulates body functions like body temperature, wakefulness, and regulates desire

55
Q

Inhibitory Impulse/Effect

A

Decrease in stimulation, Impulse crosses cleft slower, postsynaptic structure responds slower, and response is dull or muted

56
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Separates the basal ganglia and thalamus. Corona radiata narrows into it. Also where nuclei send out tracts that connect to cortex

57
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structures of an organism and the relationship of its parts

58
Q

Efferent

A

Moving away

59
Q

Reasons why SLPs need to know Anatomy and Physiology

A
  1. Communication is a complex process and can only be fully understood and appreciated by an understanding of normal anatomy and physiology
  2. In order to provide services to whose with atypical communication
  3. It facilitates communication among professionals

A&P For SLP (17 decks)

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