Everyday Memory and errors

Question 1

The process of trying to determine the origins of memories, beliefs or knowledge

Answer 1

Source Monitoring

Question 2

Cryptamnesia

Answer 2

accidentally using somebody else’s work due an error in source monitoring

Question 3

Describe the Becoming Famous Overnight experiment

Answer 3

Read non-famous name

Immediate test group reads NF names + new NF names and actual famous names

Q- which are famous?

OR 24hr delay

Delay resulted in confusing the source and more errors in classification.

(Source monitoring)

Question 4

A persons memory being modified during reconsolidation

Answer 4

The misinformation effect (Loftus and Palmer 1974)

Question 5

When participants were primed with more dramatic verbs regarding a car crash video, they:

Answer 5

tended to give higher speed estimates and falsely recalled broken glass

Question 6

What is a common test for testing memory?

Answer 6

The DRM task.
People are given a sequential list of words.
Then tested (sometimes recall false words that have semantic similarity, use of schemas)

Memory is constructive

Question 7

Memory is composed of

Answer 7

incoming stimuli and our past experiences

Question 8

Fuzzy Trace Theory

Answer 8

• detailed memory
• Gist memory (few details)

Question 9

The semantic representation of an event, without specific detail.

Answer 9

Gist (anterior hippocampus)

Question 10

Detail memory is associated with which part of the brain?

Answer 10

Posterior Hippocampus

(london cabbies)

Question 11

Which neural region was enlarged in London Cab Drivers?

Answer 11

Posterior Hippocampus

Question 12

Stress can cause what to memory?

Answer 12

Increase the likelihood that we have false memories.

Question 13

Patients with PTSD have

Answer 13

reduced posterior hippocampal volume AND higher false alarms to related words in the DRM task

They use Gist memory more often.

Question 14

3 types of memory

Answer 14

Sensory, STM, LTM

Question 15

Memories that are multi-dimensional and have visual, olfactory, auditory and spatial components are

Answer 15

Autobiographical

Question 16

Why are memories in people over 40 better for adolescence and early adulthood?

Answer 16

Cognitive Hypothesis (encoding is better during periods of rapid change followed by stability)

Question 17

What types of words and images are easier to recall?

Answer 17

Arousing ones

Question 18

The _________ is activated during exposure to arousing words

Answer 18

amygdala

Question 19

Which hormone can increase consolidation and why?

Answer 19

Cortisol. Stressful events need to be remembered for survival

Question 20

Memory for the circumstances that surround hearing about shocking, highly charged events

Answer 20

Flashbulb Memories

Question 21

Repetition increases

Answer 21

perceived truth (fluency)

Illusory Truth Effect

Question 22

An inference that occurs when reading or hearing a statement leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the statement.

Answer 22

Pragmatic Inference
- use of schemas

Question 23

When a weapon is fired, eyewitness accounts tend to

Answer 23

lose a great deal of their detail

Question 24

A procedure used for interviewing crime scene witnesses that involves letting witnesses talk with a minimum of interruption.

Answer 24

Cognitive Interview

Question 25

Taste and olfaction induce recall

Answer 25

The Proust Effect