Everyday Memory and errors Flashcards
The process of trying to determine the origins of memories, beliefs or knowledge
Source Monitoring
Cryptamnesia
accidentally using somebody else’s work due an error in source monitoring
Describe the Becoming Famous Overnight experiment
Read non-famous name
Immediate test group reads NF names + new NF names and actual famous names
Q- which are famous?
OR 24hr delay
Delay resulted in confusing the source and more errors in classification.
(Source monitoring)
A persons memory being modified during reconsolidation
The misinformation effect (Loftus and Palmer 1974)
When participants were primed with more dramatic verbs regarding a car crash video, they:
tended to give higher speed estimates and falsely recalled broken glass
What is a common test for testing memory?
The DRM task.
People are given a sequential list of words.
Then tested (sometimes recall false words that have semantic similarity, use of schemas)
Memory is constructive
Memory is composed of
incoming stimuli and our past experiences
Fuzzy Trace Theory
- detailed memory
- Gist memory (few details)
The semantic representation of an event, without specific detail.
Gist (anterior hippocampus)
Detail memory is associated with which part of the brain?
Posterior Hippocampus
(london cabbies)
Which neural region was enlarged in London Cab Drivers?
Posterior Hippocampus
Stress can cause what to memory?
Increase the likelihood that we have false memories.
Patients with PTSD have
reduced posterior hippocampal volume AND higher false alarms to related words in the DRM task
They use Gist memory more often.
3 types of memory
Sensory, STM, LTM
Memories that are multi-dimensional and have visual, olfactory, auditory and spatial components are
Autobiographical
Why are memories in people over 40 better for adolescence and early adulthood?
Cognitive Hypothesis (encoding is better during periods of rapid change followed by stability)
What types of words and images are easier to recall?
Arousing ones
The _________ is activated during exposure to arousing words
amygdala
Which hormone can increase consolidation and why?
Cortisol. Stressful events need to be remembered for survival
Memory for the circumstances that surround hearing about shocking, highly charged events
Flashbulb Memories
Repetition increases
perceived truth (fluency)
Illusory Truth Effect
An inference that occurs when reading or hearing a statement leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the statement.
Pragmatic Inference
- use of schemas
When a weapon is fired, eyewitness accounts tend to
lose a great deal of their detail
A procedure used for interviewing crime scene witnesses that involves letting witnesses talk with a minimum of interruption.
Cognitive Interview
Taste and olfaction induce recall
The Proust Effect
