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Cognitive Psych > Cognitive Neuroscience > Flashcards

Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

The study of the neural physiology of cognition

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2
Q

Define Levels of Analysis

A

the idea that a topic can be studied in a number of different ways

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3
Q

What are neurons?

A

cells that are specialized to receive and transmit information in the Nervous System

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4
Q

How were neurons discovered?

A

By viewing stained brain tissue under a microscope.

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5
Q

Who invented the staining technique?

A

Camillo Golgi

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6
Q

Who built on Golgi’s work by using his technique?

A

Ramon Cajal

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7
Q

What did Cajal discover?

A

That the nerve net was non- continuous and was made up of individual units

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8
Q

What are the basic parts of a neuron?

A

Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon

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9
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gap between the end of neuron’s axon and the dendrites or cell body of another

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10
Q

T/F? Neurons connect to all other neurons?

A

False. They only connect those in their Neural Circuit

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11
Q

receptors are…

A

Specialized neural structures that respond to environmental stimuli such as light, mechanical stimulation, or chemical stimuli.
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12
Q

What is Edgar Adrians famous for?

A

recording electrical signals from one single sensory neuron.

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13
Q

How did Adrians record the single neuronal activity?

A

He used microelectrodes

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14
Q

What the resting potential of an axon at rest?

A

-70mv

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15
Q

What happens to the charge inside an axon when an action potential travels through it?

A

It rises to +40mv

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16
Q

How long does an action potential last?

A

1 millisecond

17
Q

T/F: action potentials change in shape and height as they travel?

A

False

18
Q

T/F- action potentials are always the same rate?

A

False. They vary based on the intensity of the stimulus

19
Q

The principle of neural representation states…

A

Everything a person experiences is based on representations in the person’s nervous system.

20
Q

How did Hubel and Wiesel study neuronal firing?

A

They recorded the neural activity of a cat while presenting it with specific stimuli.

21
Q

What did Hubel and Wiesel discover?

A

That the brain has neurons called Feature Detectors that respond to specific stimuli.

22
Q

experience-dependent plasticity is

A

the mechanisms that causes an organisms neurons to develop best the to the types of stimuli they are exposed to

23
Q

What did Blakemore and Cooper do?

A

They raised a kitten presented with only vertical black and white stripes to see if it would ignore horizontal objects.

24
Q

Where is the visual cortex?

A

The occipital lobe at the rear of the brain

25
Q

Where is the motor cortex?

A

Parietal lobe on top of brain

26
Q

What mechanisms is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

language, memory, hearing, vision

27
Q

hierarchical processing
is

A

the process in which neurons for simple stimuli send signals to increasingly higher levels.

28
Q

sensory code

A

How neural firing represents various characteristics of the environment.

29
Q

specificity coding

A

The representation of a specific stimulus by the firing of neurons that ONLY respond to that stimulus.

30
Q

Neural representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons.

A

Population coding

31
Q

Where and what is Broca’s area?

A

Frontal lobe
Production of language

32
Q

Where and what is Wernicke’s area?

A

Temporal lobe

Understanding language

33
Q

Where and what is the Somatosensory Cortex?

A

Parietal Lobe
Receives signals from the skin. Touch, pressure, pain

34
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

An inability to recognize faces.

35
Q

What are single and double associations in neuroscience?

A

A single association : a lesion to brain structure A disrupts function X but not function Y

A Double: a lesion in brain structure A impairs function X but not Y, and further demonstrate that a lesion to brain structure B impairs function Y but spares function X,

36
Q

What is fMRI?

A

A brain imaging technique that measures blood oxygen levels changes in response to cognitive activity in those areas.

Cognitive Psych (12 decks)

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