Conceptual Knowledge

Question 1

Parallel Processing and distributed knowledge represent the

Answer 1

Connectionist Approach

Question 2

connections between neurons vary in

Answer 2

strength

Question 3

connection between neurons can be

Answer 3

facialiatory or inhibitory

Question 4

facialiatory connections are given

Answer 4

positive weight

Question 5

Connections between synapses can change through

Answer 5

synaptic consolidation (fire together wire together)

Question 6

The connectionist approach involves:

Answer 6

Creating computer models for representing cognitive processes
Parallel distributed processing
Knowledge represented in the distributed activity of many units
Weights determine at each connection how strongly an incoming signal will activate the next unit

Question 7

What are the 3 types of units in the simple connectionist model?

Answer 7

Output
Input
Hidden

Question 8

The activity of a unit is the sum of

Answer 8

The activation weights of each unit that are input to it.

Summation Effect

Question 9

Learning in a Connectionist Model

Answer 9

Stim input to network
Stim info propagates thru network
Accurate Feedback
Error signal (diff between activity and correct activity)
Back prop- error signal back to start
Weights change to match output to correct signal
repeat til error signal is zero

Question 10

Disruption of performance as system is damaged

Answer 10

Graceful Degradation

Question 11

SPAUN is

Answer 11

Semantic Pointer Architecture Unified Network

Question 12

SPAUN has which neural regions repped?

Answer 12

Pre-Frontal Cortex- dorsal lateral, ventral lateral, OFC
Visual 1-3 and Inferior temporal cortex
Thalamus
Posterior Parietal cortex

Question 13

SPAUN can read and process

Answer 13

numbers, letters

Question 14

SPAUN shows which two effects related to working memory?

Answer 14

Recency and Primacy

Question 15

Limits of Spaun

Answer 15

• Simulates only a part of the full brain
• Can’t learn new tasks
• Can’t process more than a few numbers and a few symbols
• Computationally slow

Question 16

Knowledge that enables people to recognize objects and events and to make inferences about their properties.

Answer 16

• conceptual knowledge

Question 17

The idea that we can decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether the object meets the definition of the category.

Answer 17

• Definitional approach to categorization

Question 18

In hierarchical organization, what are the levels?

Answer 18

superordinate (global: sports)
Basic (ball sports
subordinate (specific: soccer)

Question 19

That concepts are organized in the mind in networks is the

Answer 19

semantic network approach

Question 20

Collins and Quillian’s Hierarchical Model
has categories repped by

Answer 20

nodes

Question 21

a procedure in which a person is asked to determine word vs non-word

Answer 21

lexical decision task

Question 22

In studying 3 patients with brain damage from encephalitis, Warrington and Shallice found

Answer 22

They each had category specific impairment

• trouble recognizing items

Question 23

Mirror neurons in the ______ fire when watching and doing the same actions

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex

Question 24

condition where there is a general loss of knowledge for all concepts

Answer 24

Semantic Dementia

(usually damage to the anterior temporal lobe)

Question 25

hub and spoke model

Answer 25

A model of semantic knowledge that proposes that areas of the brain that are associated with different functions are connected to the anterior temporal lobe (hub), which integrates information from these areas.