EUKARYOTIC CELL ORGANELLES

Question 1

Parts of a EUKARYOTIC PLANT CELL

Answer 1

• plasma membrane
• cytoplasm
• mitochondria
• golgi apparatus
• nuclear pore
• nucleolus
• ribosomes
• rough endoplasmic reticulum
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• small vacuole
• centrioles
• nucleur membrane
• lyosomes

Question 2

Parts of a EUKARYOTIC ANIMAL CELL

Answer 2

• central large vacuole
• chloroplasts
• cell wall
• plasma membrane
• mitochondria
• endoplasmic reticulum
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• nucleolus
• nuclear membrane
• ribosomes
• golgi apparatus
• starch granules

Question 3

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 3

-site for chemical reactions, region within cell where organelles are found

Question 4

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

structure: complex system of membranous tubules studded with ribosomes (FOLDED, flat STRUCTURE)

function: synthesis, folding and modification of proteins which are transported throughout the cell
- membrane production

Question 5

what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

structure: long network of tubelike structure
- interior called the lumen

-function: synthesis of lipids and other important molecules, production of membranes,
metabolism and detoxification and calcium ion storage

Question 6

what are ribosomes

Answer 6

• no membrane
• carry out protein synthesis
• composed of RNA and a type of protein
• two subunits

Question 7

what is the Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

• ‘post office of cell’
• modifies, packages and ships proteins throughout cell
• builds lysosomes
• receives products from ER

Question 8

what are centrioles

Answer 8

structure: found as a pair, each one composed of microtubules
function: organizing microtubule assembly for nuclear division (SPINGLE FORMATION)

Question 9

what is the mitochondria

Answer 9

WIFI symbol

-function: ‘powerhouse of the cell”: site for cellular respiration (ATP)

Question 10

what is the plasma membrane

Answer 10

-semi-fluid phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded

FUNCTION:

• forms boundary between the cell and the extracellular environment
• regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 11

what is the nucleus

Answer 11

• surrounded by a nuclear envelope

- function: contains most of the cell’s genetic material; regulates all the activities of the cell

Question 12

what is the nucleolus

Answer 12

• within the nucleus

- function: synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 13

what are lysosomes

Answer 13

structure: single membrane bound sac of enzymes

function> intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 14

what are vacuoles

Answer 14

• structure: membrane bound sacs
• function: -store water and cell sap
• provides cell volume

Question 15

what are chloroplasts

Answer 15

• contain double membrane; size of bacterial cell

- photosynthesis occurs here

Question 16

compare plant and animal cells

Answer 16

PLANT
-exterior of the cell includes an outer cell wall with a plasma membrane just inside
-chloroplasts are present in the cytoplasm area
-large centrally located vacuoles are present
-carbohydrates are stored as starch
-do not contain centrioles within a centrosome area
-because a rigid cell wall is present, this cell type has a fixed
ANIMAL
-the exterior of the cell only includes a plasma membrane (no cell wall)
-there are no chloroplasts
-vaculoes are small or not present
-carbohydrates are stored as glycogen
-contain centrioles within a centrosome area
-without a cell wall, this cell if flexible +rounded shape

Question 17

what is the cell wall

Answer 17

protects and maintains cell