Ethnicity and Crime

Question 1

What study showed a variety of statistics of the patterns of crime ?

Answer 1

The Lammy Report (2017)

Question 2

What does BAME stand for ?

Answer 2

Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic

Question 3

What is an example of one of the statistics the Lammy Report (2017) found ?

Answer 3

Muslims now make up 15% of the prison population, but just 5% of the general population ​

Question 4

What did Phillips & Bowling (2007) find about police targeting ?

Answer 4

That many officers hold negative stereotypes about ethnic minorities as criminals, leading to deliberate targeting for stop & search

Question 5

What do Bowling and Phillips (2002) say about stop and search ?

Answer 5

Higher levels of robbery among black people could be the product of labelling

Question 6

What is Waddington et al (2004) Locality theory ?

Answer 6

It states certain areas are more densely populated with ethnic minorities, which might explain higher stop and search statistics

Question 7

What does Morris say on Locality theory ?

Answer 7

He argues that most crime is committed by the young. He points out that ethnic minority groups have a much higher proportion of young people than the white population

Question 8

How does Ethnicity and crime link to realism ?

Answer 8

Lea and Young argue that ethnic minorities face higher levels of poorer housing, unemployment and link to media’s emphasis on consumerism

Question 9

What did Scarman (1981) say ?

Answer 9

That the police reflect the wider society and some racist recruits may join ​

Question 10

What was the outcome of the McPherson Report 1999 ?

Answer 10

After the racially motivated murder of Stephen Lawrence, the report labeled the metropolitan police institutionally racist

Question 11

What does Reiner (1992) say the police did in response to working long hours and facing potential danger ?

Answer 11

They created a ‘canteen culture’ with values consisting of action, cynicism, suspicion, isolation from the public, macho values and racism

Question 12

What do left realists say about subcultures ?

Answer 12

They argued that racism has led to the marginalisation of ethnic minorities

Question 13

What did Neo-Marxist Paul Gilroy (1982) argue in his study “There ain’t no black in the Union Jack” ?

Answer 13

That ethnic minority crime should be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society

Question 14

What is Rastafarianism an example of ?

Answer 14

More than a religion, but a way of life that contains a set of revolutionary political ideas about overthrowing white authority

Question 15

What are the 3 risk factors which might be responsible for the relatively high levels of crime amongst black boys, that Tony Sewell (2003) identifies ?

Answer 15

Lack of a father figure
Negative experiences of white culture
The media

Question 16

Why are Sewell’s ideas largely criticised ?

Answer 16

Because they move the debate away from an institutionally racist society & implies that African-Caribbean family life and parenting is inadequate and consequently responsible for crime

Question 17

What does Pitts’ (2008) say ?

Answer 17

He emphasises that young black and Asian involvement in gang culture is often caused by poverty, deprivation and unemployment

Question 18

What do Right Realists such as Hirschi argue ?

Answer 18

That young people, whether White or African-Caribbean, commit crime because they lack the social controls of attachment, commitment, involvement and belief

Question 19

What did Stuart Hall et al (1978) say ?

Answer 19

They applied neo Marxism to explain why a moral panic over muggings developed in the 1970s