Ethics Flashcards
1
Q
Psychologists can use animals in research if what 2 conditions are met?
A
- It is in compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and regulations, and with
professional standards.; - Reasonable efforts are made to minimize discomfort, infection, illness, and pain to animals.
2
Q
Psychologists are required to work within the boundaries of their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which can be based on their education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience.
A
Competence
3
Q
What course of action should you take if you discover a colleague has been violating an ethical standard that puts no clients in direct harm?
A
Attempt to resolve the
problem informally by
discussing the matter
with the offender
4
Q
When should a psychologist make a formal report to the Ethics Committee, state licensing board, or other appropriate authority regarding unethical behavior by a colleague?
A
When the problem involves "substantial harm" and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution
5
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ always takes precedence over the need to educate or punish an offending psychologist, which must always be considered before filing a complaint.
A
Client
Confidentiality
6
Q
When recording voices and/or images in research, when is informed consent not required?
A
When the research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places, and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm
7
Q
When is informed consent provided in research that involves recording voices and/or images and deception?
A
Informed
consent is
provided during
debriefing
8
Q
What is the legal concept that protects a client's confidentiality in the context of legal proceedings?
A
Privilege
9
Q
Typically,
__________ is
the holder of
the privilege
A
The
client
10
Q
What has the data on sexual misconduct by therapists consistently shown?
A
Male therapists violate much more than female therapists, and they are usually older (42-44 y/o) than the female clients (30-33 y/o) they become involved wit
11
Q
What relationships have been found between risk for sexual misconduct and theoretical orientation, professional experience, or education?
A
None
(Pope et
al., 1993)
12
Q
When can a
psychologist
use client
testimonials?
A
When they are not solicited from current therapy clients or other persons who, because of their circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence
13
Q
In a consultative relationship, when is it appropriate to disclose confidential client information?
A
1. When the consultant and consultee have a confidential relationship; 2. If the consultee has obtained prior consent of the person or organization; 3. If disclosure is unavoidable
14
Q
A psychologist has been meeting regularly with a child whose parents recently filed for divorce and have requested a child custody evaluation. What course of action should the psychologist take?
A
While not required, The Guidelines state psychologists generally avoid conducting such evaluations when s/he has served in a therapeutic role for the child or their family
15
Q
What 4 conditions must be met in order for a client to bring a claim of malpractice against a psychologist?
A
1. Psychologist must have had a professional relationship with the person; 2. Must be a demonstrable standard of care breached by psychologist; 3. Person suffered harm or injury; 4. Harm or injury was proximally caused by psychologist's breach of duty within context of standard of care
16
Q
Is it ever appropriate for a psychologist to pay, receive payment from, or divide fees with another professional for referring them a client?
A
No, this is unethical. All payments in such situations must be based on the services provided (e.g., clinical, consultative, administrative)
17
Q
What legal decision originally established a psychologists "duty to warn," which later became a "duty to protect?"
A
The Tarasoff Decision, which regards a client's admission of intent to harm another person
18
Q
Bartering is allowed only if what two conditions are met?
A
- It is not clinically
contraindicated; 2.
It is not exploitative
19
Q
In a legal proceeding, if a defendant lacks sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding, and a rational as well as a factual understanding of the proceedings against him/her, s/he is deemed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
Incompetent
to stand trial
20
Q
A person who by reason of education or specialized experience possesses superior knowledge regarding a subject about which persons having no particular training are incapable of forming an accurate opinion or deducing correct conclusions is referred to as an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A
Expert
Witness
21
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to a person who testifies as to what they saw, heard, or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place.
A
Fact
Witness
22
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are allowed to offer professional opinions and provide testimony based on hypothetical scenarios, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cannot
A
Expert
Witnesses;
Fact Witnesses
23
Q
When taking on a new therapy client, when should a psychologist obtain informed consent? What should it include?
A
As early as is feasible- should include nature and anticipated course of therapy, fees, 3rd party involvement, limits of confidentiality, and provide client opportunity to ask questions and receive answers
24
Q
Are psychologists required by the Ethics Code to provide Pro Bono services?
A
No, however the General Principles, which are aspirational in nature, promote it
25
Q
Is it ethical for psychologists to engage in sexual behavior with students or supervisees?
A
No. In fact, it is unethical for a psychologist to engage in sexual relations with anyone they are likely to have evaluative authority over
26
Q
The Client Welfare
standard of the
APA Ethics Code
requires what?
A
That reasonable steps are taken by psychologists to avoid and minimize harm to clients, students, research participants, and others with whom they work
27
Q
What conditions must be met for deception to ethically be used in research?
A
- Deception is justified by the study’s
prospective scientific, educational,
applied value and effective non-deceptive
alternatives are not feasible; 2.
Participants are not deceived about
conditions that might cause significant
pain or emotional distress; 3. Participants
are debriefed preferably at end of their
participation, but no later than conclusion
of data collection
28
Q
The "Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations" presents principles that are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in nature.
A
Aspirational
29
Q
Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when?
A
If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity, competence, or effectiveness, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the client
30
Q
What is the first step a psychologist should take when they receive a subpoena?
A
Determine if the
subpoena is a
legally valid
demand
31
Q
Following an evaluation, are psychologists allowed to provide clients with raw test data if the client requests it?
A
Yes, it would unethical not to do so. However, there are some exceptions if the psychologist believes the test data could harm the client
32
Q
TRUE or FALSE: In some situations, it is ethical for a psychologist to withhold reporting a case of known child abuse
A
FALSE: All jurisdictions require psychologists to report known cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities
33
Q
Is it ethical or unethical to deny employment, admission to academic or other programs, advancement, or promotion to someone who has previously made or been the subject of an ethics complaint?
A
Unethical
34
Q
What is FERPA
(Family Education
Rights and Privacy
Act of 1974)?
A
It prohibits educational institutions receiving federal funds from disclosing personally identifying information from student records without the consent of the student or legal guardian (if under 18); also grants right to inspect one's educational records
35
Q
A legal concept referring to a persons incapacity to determine right from wrong or to behave according to the requirements of the law.
A
Insanity, which is not a psychological concept, but used in a purely legal sense
36
Q
Publication
credit is given
based primarily
on ________.
A
Relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved, regardless of their
37
Q
Sliding fee scales are
generally considered
acceptable as long as
the are ________.
A
Fair and serve
the best
interests of the
client
38
Q
In deciding whether to provide services to a person already receiving mental health services elsewhere, what should a psychologist consider?
A
The treatment issues and the potential client's welfare. These issues are discussed with the client and the psychologist should proceed with caution
39
Q
Psychologists are to act \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when teaching, supervising, and designing education and training programs.
A
Competently;
Responsibly
40
Q
In-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients or other persons is unethical when it involves what?
A
Solicitation of people who, due to their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence
41
Q
TRUE or FALSE: Psychologists can base assessment/intervention decisions or recommendations on tests, measures, data, or test results that are outdated or obsolete.
A
FALSE: Only tests that are useful to the current purpose can be used ethically
42
Q
How is Sexual
Harassment
defined by APA’s
Ethics Code?
A
Sexual solicitation, physical advances, or
verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual
in nature, occurs in connection with the
psychologist’s activities or roles as a
psychologist, and either (1) is obviously
unwelcome, offensive, or creates a
hostile environment or (2) is sufficiently
severe to be abusive to a reasonable
person in the context
43
Q
Who is responsible for the appropriate application, interpretation, and use of assessment instruments scored and interpreted by automated services?
A
The administering
psychologist
retains
responsibility
44
Q
Regarding client
records, who is
the owner of the
physical record?
A
Typically, the psychologist, while the client has the right to inspect the contents of the record
45
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the obligation of psychologists to protect clients from unauthorized disclosure of information revealed in the context of the professional relationship
A
Confidentiality
46
Q
These were adopted as a means of self-regulation in the public interest, and its provisions are general and aspirational
A
The General Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services
47
Q
When it becomes reasonably clear that a client no longer needs services, is unlikely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued services, what is the psychologist's best course of action?
A
Terminate
therapy
48
Q
Upon termination, what does the Ethics Code state a psychologist should do?
A
Provide pre-termination
counseling and suggest
alternative service
providers as appropriate
