Essential Oils? Flashcards
What is difference between Phospholipids and Triglycerides?
Phospholipids almost identical to a triglyceride molecule. Consists of a glycerol molecule with fatty acid molecules bonded by condensation reactions producing ester bonds. But, the third fatty acid is not added to a glycerol molecule - phosphate group is covalently bonded to the third OH group on glycerol - condensation reaction.
Why do membranes form?
Phosphate head hydrophilic, hydrocarbon fatty acid tail hydrophobic - so forms membranes.
What do animals vary depending upon the climate that they live in?
Animals living in colder climates have an increased number of unbranched fatty acids in their phospholipid molecules - membrane remain fluid.
What does respiration of lipids require?
Respiration of lipids requires the hydrolysis of the ester bonds between glycerol/fatty acids. Broken down into CO2 + H2O to release energy to generate ATP molecules.
Why are lipids good energy storages?
Respiration of one gram of lipid gives out twice as much energy as that of carbohydrate molecules - insoluble in water, so do not affect cell water potential.
What is the structure and nature of cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a molecule made from four carbon-based rings. Small, narrow-structure and hydrophobic nature allows it to sit between phospholipids in hydrocarbon tails.
What are three things made from Cholesterol?
Testosterone, Oestrogen and Vitamin D made from cholesterol.
Why is excess Cholesterol bad in humans?
Excess cholesterol is bad in humans as, stick together in lumps known as gallstones, and can lead to athersclerosis.
What is FHC and what can it lead to?
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FHC) is where cells secrete too much cholesterol - cells lack cell surface receptor.
