Carbohydrates 1: Simple Sugars Flashcards
What is the general formula of Carbohydrates?
Carvohydrates make up of a group of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Cn(H2O)n.
What do Carbohydrates also make up?
Some carbohydrates also form larger molecules (e.g. Nucleic acid, glycolipids).
What are some of the properties of Carbohydrates?
Number of different monosaccharides, containing between 3-6 carbons - they have similar properties, they’re all insoluble in water, sweet tasting, form crystals.
What are 3-carbon monosaccharides (each molecule has 3 carbon atoms) knoen as?
Triose sugars.
What are 5-carbon monosaccharides known as?
5-carbon monosaccharides are known as pentose sugars. 6-carbon monosaccharides are known as hexose sugars.
What are the most common monosaccharides?
Hexose.
What form do pentose and hexose take?
They take ring structures.
What happens when glucose forms rings?
The H and the OH at carbon 1 may be above or below the plane of the ring.
What happens in Alpha-glucose?
The OH at C1 is below the plane of the ring and in beta-glucose it is above the plane of the ring.
What happens as two monosaccharides join together?
As two monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction, a disaccharide moleule forms with a covalent bond called a glycosidic bond forming, along with the elimination of water.
