Essays 41- 50 Flashcards
occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
50% of dog tumours
form of hepatocellular carcinoma
massive - one lobe
2/3 in left lobe and papillary process
breed predisposition of hepatocellular carcinoma
miniature schnauzers
signs of hepatocellular carcinoma
inappetance
lethargy
vomiting
PU/PD
ascites
ataxia
hepatic encephalopahy
seizures
diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
blood test
increased ast/alt
US, CT, xray
liver biopsy
name of 3 types of perianal tumours
perianal adenoma - hepatoid adenoma
perianal adenocarcinoma
para anal gland adenocarcinoma
perianal adenoma – Hepatoid adenoma
common in older intact dogs
hormone dependant
slow growing
locally invasive
no metastases
Perianal adenocarcinoma
older bigger breeds
non hormone dependant
fast growing
no metastases at time of diagnosis
Para-anal gland adenocarcinoma
> 10yrs
english cocker
non hormone
aggressive
early metastases
hypercalcaemic
clinical signs of Adenoma
non painful
moveable, well circumscribed
clinical signs of Perianal and paranal gland adenocarcinomas
pain/ irritation in area
firm adhering mass
ulcerarion
obstipation
HL oedema
PU/PD
therapy of adenocarcinomas
cytology first
removal of half the sphincter
chemo - toxeranic, carboplatin, cisplatin
therapy of adenoma
castration
marginal excision
what is a GIST
gastro intestinal stromal tumour
incidence of GIST
in dogs
diagnosis of GIST
palpable abdominal mass (RDP)
lab
xray
endoscope
laparatomy
therapy of GIST
surgery
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
metronomic chemotherapy
radiotherapy for sinonasal tumours
definitive intent radiotherapy
intensity modulate radiotherapy
stereotactic radiotherapy
palliative intent radiotherapy
acute complications of radiotherapy
oral mucositis
KCS, blepharitis
rhinitis
skin desquamation
late effects of complications of radiotherapy
cataract, uveitis
KCS, cornea atrophy
retinal degeneration
haemorrhage
neuronal tissue damage
predisposition of pulmonary tumours
boxers, dobermann, australian shepherd
persian cats
pathology of pulmonary tumours
from epithelium of large airways or alveoli
near hilus or peripheral
spread by local invasion
metastases to LN, bone
clinical signs of pulmonary tumours
coughing
dyspnoea
lethargy
hyporexia
weight,loss
hemoptysis
increased bronchovesicular signs
dull CV sounds
neurological signs
gi signs
lameness
main pulmonary tumours in cats
adenocarcinoma
main pulmonary tumours in dogs
bronchialveolar
scc,
adenocarcinoma
treatment of SCC of nasal planum
surgery - nasal planum resection
radiotherapy
strontium plesiotherapy - radioactive
chemo - intranasal or electrochemo - carboplatin
photodynamic therapy - free radicals
urinary TCC incidence
urinary bladder
dog > cat
bitch > male
scottie, beagle, westie
urinary TCC risk factors
overweight
cyclophosphamide treatment
isecticides
clinical signs of urinary TCC
dysuria
hematuria
urinary incontinence
pollakysuria
lameness
urinary TCC diagnosis
palpation
urine sediment cytology
urine anitgen test
histopath
immunohistochem
urinary TCC treatment
surgery - laser
systemic chemo - mitoxantron/ cisplatin/ carboplatin
local chemo - mitomycin
radiotherapy
palliative cox antagonists
homeotherapy
prostate tumour incidence
adenocarcinoma
doberman, shetland, scottie, beagle
prostate tumour clinical signs
dysuria
hematuria
urine retention
hydrourether, hydronephros
tenesmus
neurological dysfunction
prostate tumour diagnostic steps
clinical signs
clinical examination
rectal palp
imaging
lab tests
FNA/ biopsy
diagnosis
incidence of feline kidney lymphoma
cats
9yrs
clinical signs of feline kidney lymphoma
aspecific
bilateral renomegalia
diffuse cortex
diagnosis of feline kidney lymphoma
physical exam
palpation
painful kidneys
lab
histopath
excretory urography, CT, scintography
abdo US, thoracic CT
treatment of feline kidney lymphoma
cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin
vincristine
prednisolone
what is PNST
peripheral nerve sheath tumour
characteristics of PNST
from schwann cells
middle aged/ old dogs
rare metastsis
can be secondary to lymphoma, malignant sarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, hamartoma
PNST incidence
trigeminal
C6 - T2 spinal nerve root
lumbar intumenscence nerves
types of PNST
schwannoma, neurofibroma, neurofibrosarcoma
symptoms of PNST
chronic lamness
trigeminal PNST
unilat masticatory muscular atrophy
decreased jaw tone
decreased facial sensation
horners
diagnosis of PNST
brachial plexus can be palpated
MRI
US
cytology
histopath
