Essays 31-40 Flashcards
adoptive t cell therapy
enhacement of tumour specific t cells
by activating t cells in culture then transferring them back
what do you need to do with adoptive t cells therapy
to overcome immunosuppression around tumour
need to activate CD4+ t cells that will activate innate immune cells
block t reg
car t cells
chimeric antigen receptor t cells
transfection of antibody gene specific for tumour
exampls of CAR - T cells
targeting HER2 for osteosarcoma
targeting CD20 for B cell lymphoma
botanical medicine for tumours
tumeric
asian mushrooms
yunnan baiyao
bloodrot
boswellia serrata
effects of boswellia serrata
antiinflammatory
inhibit t helper 1
promote t helper 2
stabilise mast cells
side effects of bowellia serrata
nausea
discomfort
epigastric pain
diarrhoea
effects of yunnan baiyao
hemostatic
effects of tumeric
suppress tumour cell proliferation
induce phase II detox enzymes
decrease transcription factors, cox 2, nos, TNF, chemokines
reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity
effects of asian mushrooms
antitumour
immunomodulatory
antioxidant
hepatoprotectant
mechanism of CBD oil
interacts with endocannabinoids receptors in CNS and PNS
use of CBD oil
treat neuropathic pain
control seizures
anti nausea
appetite stimulant
anti anxiety
anti inflammatory
anti cancer
not pyschoactive
side effects of cbd oil
dry mouth
decrease blood pressure
drowsiness
how acupuncture works
inserting thin, sterile needle into acupuncture points
neurovascular or myofascial zones
what do the neurovascular zones promote once activated
analgesia
recovery of normal circulation
immune function
physiologic restoration
homeostasis
mechanism of acupuncture
agitation of connective region - sensory somatic and autonomic nerve activation
induces changes in neuronal firing pattern
main areas of acupuncture
leukopenia
gi upset
mood swings
pain
fatigue
depression
multicentric lymphoma location
affects multiple LN, spleen, liver, bone marrow
clinical signs of multicentric lymphoma
symptomless in 80%
substage A wihtout clincial signs in multicentric lymphoma
generalised, painless lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
substage B with clincial signs in multicentric lymphoma
inappetance, weight loss, lethargy
fever
signs of local obstruction; dysphagia, dyspnoea
PU/PD
anaemia
neutropenic sepsis
thrombocytopenia
hemorrhage
differential diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma
systemic infectious disease - bacteria, virus
immune mediated disease - lupus
other haemopoietic tumours - hitiocytosis
ln metastases of other tumours
what is ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
what is CLL
chronic lymphoblastic leukema
proliferation of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - immature lymphocytes
CLL - mature lymphocytres
proliferation rate of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - quick
CLL - low
occurrence of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - middle ages/ older dogs
CLL - older dogs
symtpoms of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - lethargy, weight loss, intermittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly
CLL - fever, PU/PD, mild lymphadenopathy, mild hepatosplenomegaly
diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - lymphoblast cytology, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
CLL - matures small lymphocytes cytology, normocytic normoa chromatic non regenerative anaemia, lymphocytosis, neutropenia
treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia
ALL - aggressive chemo. AB, fresh whole blood
CLL - start if WBC > 6x10. lymphadenopathy. vincristine. prednisolone
what does staging give information on
extent of the disease
response to therapy
remission time
survival
steps of staging
clinical examination
blood check up
ln
liver and spleen
thoracic x ray
abdo US
bone marrow aspiration
immunophenotyping
clinical signs of heart tumours
altered function
altered blood flow
pericardial effusion
arrhythmia
sudden death
signs of right sided heart failure - haemagiosarcoma
ascites
pleural effucion
distended v. jugular
exercise intolerance
dyspnoea
pulse deficit
muffled heart sounds
diagnosis of heart tumours
physical exam
xray
echo
ecg
cardiac tropoinin increase
clinical signs of oral tumours
increased salivation
dysphagia
epistaxis
mass
pain on opening mouth
halitosis
weight loss
loose teeth
exophthalmos
facial swelling
diagnostic challenges of oral tumours
may require sedation for FNA of LN
biopsy not through skin
xray - complicated views
ct is most valuable
SCC more common in
cats > dogs
flea collars and canned foods increase chances
characteristics of SCC in cats
anywhere in mouth
caulitlower like
highly locally invasive
severe bone invasion
not enough time for metastasis
treatment of SCC in cats
surgery
photodynamic therapy
radiation
oral scc in dogs characteristics
rare
base of tongue and tonsils
treatment of scc in dogs
surgery
piroxicam + carboplatin
