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Oncology > Essays 31-40 > Flashcards

Essays 31-40 Flashcards

1
Q

adoptive t cell therapy

A

enhacement of tumour specific t cells
by activating t cells in culture then transferring them back

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2
Q

what do you need to do with adoptive t cells therapy

A

to overcome immunosuppression around tumour
need to activate CD4+ t cells that will activate innate immune cells
block t reg

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3
Q

car t cells

A

chimeric antigen receptor t cells
transfection of antibody gene specific for tumour

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4
Q

exampls of CAR - T cells

A

targeting HER2 for osteosarcoma
targeting CD20 for B cell lymphoma

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5
Q

botanical medicine for tumours

A

tumeric
asian mushrooms
yunnan baiyao
bloodrot
boswellia serrata

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6
Q

effects of boswellia serrata

A

antiinflammatory
inhibit t helper 1
promote t helper 2
stabilise mast cells

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7
Q

side effects of bowellia serrata

A

nausea
discomfort
epigastric pain
diarrhoea

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8
Q

effects of yunnan baiyao

A

hemostatic

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9
Q

effects of tumeric

A

suppress tumour cell proliferation
induce phase II detox enzymes
decrease transcription factors, cox 2, nos, TNF, chemokines
reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity

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10
Q

effects of asian mushrooms

A

antitumour
immunomodulatory
antioxidant
hepatoprotectant

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11
Q

mechanism of CBD oil

A

interacts with endocannabinoids receptors in CNS and PNS

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12
Q

use of CBD oil

A

treat neuropathic pain
control seizures
anti nausea
appetite stimulant
anti anxiety
anti inflammatory
anti cancer
not pyschoactive

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13
Q

side effects of cbd oil

A

dry mouth
decrease blood pressure
drowsiness

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14
Q

how acupuncture works

A

inserting thin, sterile needle into acupuncture points
neurovascular or myofascial zones

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15
Q

what do the neurovascular zones promote once activated

A

analgesia
recovery of normal circulation
immune function
physiologic restoration
homeostasis

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16
Q

mechanism of acupuncture

A

agitation of connective region - sensory somatic and autonomic nerve activation

induces changes in neuronal firing pattern

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17
Q

main areas of acupuncture

A

leukopenia
gi upset
mood swings
pain
fatigue
depression

18
Q

multicentric lymphoma location

A

affects multiple LN, spleen, liver, bone marrow

19
Q

clinical signs of multicentric lymphoma

A

symptomless in 80%

20
Q

substage A wihtout clincial signs in multicentric lymphoma

A

generalised, painless lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly

21
Q

substage B with clincial signs in multicentric lymphoma

A

inappetance, weight loss, lethargy
fever
signs of local obstruction; dysphagia, dyspnoea
PU/PD
anaemia
neutropenic sepsis
thrombocytopenia
hemorrhage

22
Q

differential diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma

A

systemic infectious disease - bacteria, virus
immune mediated disease - lupus
other haemopoietic tumours - hitiocytosis
ln metastases of other tumours

23
Q

what is ALL

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

24
Q

what is CLL

A

chronic lymphoblastic leukema

25
Q

proliferation of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - immature lymphocytes
CLL - mature lymphocytres

26
Q

proliferation rate of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - quick
CLL - low

27
Q

occurrence of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - middle ages/ older dogs
CLL - older dogs

28
Q

symtpoms of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - lethargy, weight loss, intermittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly
CLL - fever, PU/PD, mild lymphadenopathy, mild hepatosplenomegaly

29
Q

diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - lymphoblast cytology, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
CLL - matures small lymphocytes cytology, normocytic normoa chromatic non regenerative anaemia, lymphocytosis, neutropenia

30
Q

treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia

A

ALL - aggressive chemo. AB, fresh whole blood
CLL - start if WBC > 6x10. lymphadenopathy. vincristine. prednisolone

31
Q

what does staging give information on

A

extent of the disease
response to therapy
remission time
survival

32
Q

steps of staging

A

clinical examination
blood check up
ln
liver and spleen
thoracic x ray
abdo US
bone marrow aspiration
immunophenotyping

33
Q

clinical signs of heart tumours

A

altered function
altered blood flow
pericardial effusion
arrhythmia
sudden death

34
Q

signs of right sided heart failure - haemagiosarcoma

A

ascites
pleural effucion
distended v. jugular
exercise intolerance
dyspnoea
pulse deficit
muffled heart sounds

35
Q

diagnosis of heart tumours

A

physical exam
xray
echo
ecg
cardiac tropoinin increase

36
Q

clinical signs of oral tumours

A

increased salivation
dysphagia
epistaxis
mass
pain on opening mouth
halitosis
weight loss
loose teeth
exophthalmos
facial swelling

37
Q

diagnostic challenges of oral tumours

A

may require sedation for FNA of LN
biopsy not through skin
xray - complicated views
ct is most valuable

38
Q

SCC more common in

A

cats > dogs
flea collars and canned foods increase chances

39
Q

characteristics of SCC in cats

A

anywhere in mouth
caulitlower like
highly locally invasive
severe bone invasion
not enough time for metastasis

40
Q

treatment of SCC in cats

A

surgery
photodynamic therapy
radiation

41
Q

oral scc in dogs characteristics

A

rare
base of tongue and tonsils

42
Q

treatment of scc in dogs

A

surgery
piroxicam + carboplatin

Oncology (12 decks)

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