basics

Question 1

Onco in english means

Answer 1

mass

oncology = study of masses

Question 2

tumour in english

Answer 2

to swell

Question 3

cancer and crab metaphor

Answer 3

Legs buried in sand –> similar to blood vessels supplying tumor
o Only back is visible –> tumor = “tip of the iceberg”

Question 4

aims of veterinary oncology

Answer 4

diagnose
slow down progression
maintain good quality of life

Question 5

major characteristics of cancers

Answer 5

increased sensitivity of growth
decreased sensitivity of antigrowth
apoptosis escape
aggressive replication
angiogenesis
invasiveness

Question 6

cellular functions altered due to mutations

Answer 6

5-6 mutations minimum for tumour development
mutation –> oncogene –> cancer

Question 7

functions altered

Answer 7

cell signalling
proliferation
differentiation

Question 8

3 steps of cancer development

Answer 8

initation
promotion
progression

Question 9

initiation

Answer 9

cell gain potential for unlimited proliferation

ability to escape apoptosis

Question 10

promotion

Answer 10

sustained angiogenesis

can penetrate into matrix of tissue

Question 11

progression

Answer 11

• invasiveness
• metastasis => selective process à malignancy
• bypassing immune system

Question 12

benign tumours

Answer 12

• proliferating (growing)
• NOT invasive
• NOT metastatic

Question 13

metastaic tumours

Answer 13

• proliferating (growing)
• • invasive
• and/or metastatic