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Parasitology > Equine- Stomach Worms, Parascaris, Strongyloides, Oxyuris and Dictyocaulus > Flashcards

Equine- Stomach Worms, Parascaris, Strongyloides, Oxyuris and Dictyocaulus Flashcards

1
Q

What are Equine Differences to felines and canines? (parasites)

A

Consume parasites on pasture
Higher tolerance for parasites
Fewer concerns with zoonosis
Drug residues – meat?

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2
Q

Why is the diagnosis of parasites important in the equid?

A

Health
Performance
Financial savings

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3
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Identification of adults?

A

Distinct buccal cavity
Draschia megastoma: 13 mm
Habronema spp.: 22-25 mm

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4
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Identification of eggs?

A

Thin-shelled, larvated

40-55 x 8-16 μm (narrow)

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5
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Life cycle?

A 
Indirect 
Intermediate hosts:
Diptera: Muscidae
Musca spp.
Stomoxys calcitrans
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6
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults and larvae in stomach

L3 in skin = “wrong place at wrong time”

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7
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Pathogenesis and lesions:in Adults?

A

Nodules in stomach (D. megastoma adults near

margo plicatus)

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8
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Pathogenesis and lesions:in Larvae?

A

Cutaneous habronemiasis/Cutaneous draschiasis

Granular conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Clinical signs?

A

Adults cause gastritis

Larvae cause “summer sores”

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10
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Diagnosis?

A

Recovery of eggs in feces difficult

Larvae in scraping of skin lesions

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11
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Treatment and prevention?

A

MCLs approved
Fly control
Reports of ivermectin no longer effective
Resistance?

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12
Q

What is Ascarids Characteristics?

A

Large white nematodes with 3 lips

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13
Q

What is Cat and dog ascarids?

A

Toxocara canis, T. cati and Toxascaris leonina

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14
Q

What is Ascarids Infective stage?

A

L2 in egg

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15
Q

What is Ascarids Life cycle

A

Direct life cycle

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16
Q

What is Ascarids Location?

A

Small intestine; hepatic-tracheal migration (not

T. leonina)

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17
Q

What is Ascarids Eggs?

A

thick-walled (resistant)

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18
Q

What is Ascarids Age of host?

A

Fecund females

Infect young animals

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19
Q

What is Ascarids Clinical signs?

A

Obstruction, pot belly

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20
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Identification?

A

Large nematodes; up to 30 cm
Three lips
Thick walled eggs; 90 μm

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21
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Life cycle?

A

PPP 10-12 wk
Direct and per os
No transmammary or transplacental transmission

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22
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults in small intestine

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23
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

Perforation, obstruction

Unthriftiness/production losses

24
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Clinical signs?

A

Unthriftiness with moderate/heavy infections

Coughing during migratory phase

25
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Diagnosis?

A 
Fecal exam (simple flotation or Modified McMaster) for eggs
Eggs may be absent in spite of clinical signs
26
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Treatment and prevention?

A

Several anthelmintics
Resistance to some MCLs
Timing is important

27
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Family?

A

Rhabditidae

28
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Common name?

A

Threadworm

29
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Infective stage?

30
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Life cycle?

A

Homogonic/ Heterogonic

31
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Eggs?

A

30 x 40 μm w/L1

32
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Dog/cat species?

A

S. stercoralis

33
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. Other?

A

Short PPP; young animals

34
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Identification?

A

Slender hair-like worms, 1 cm
Long esophagus; 1/3 body length
Thin shelled larvated egg 30-40 μm

35
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Life cycle?

A

Per os
Percutaneous
Transmammary (by 4th d)

36
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults in small intestine

Larvae in somatic tissues (arrested)

37
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

Erythematous reaction where larvae penetrate the skin

38
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Clinical signs?

A

Larvae cause urticaria (“frenzy” reported)

Adults cause diarrhea (young horses; older equids possible)

39
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Diagnosis?

A

Fecal flotation methods

Expect to see in < 5 mo old horses

40
Q

What is Strongyloides westeri Treatment and prevention?

A

Incorporated with control of Strongyles and ascarids, since normally not a critical parasite

41
Q

What is Strongyloides spp. in Equids?

A

S. westeri

42
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Common name?

A

large pinworm

43
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Identification?

A

Long, white, pointed tail, up to 10 cm

Normally only females seen

44
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Life cycle?

A

(PPP 4-5 mo)
Adults in dorsal colon
Female migrates through anus to lay eggs around perineum
Eggs laid with gelatinous substance (irritant)
Larva develops to L3 in egg; egg with L3 infective stage
L3 develop to L4 and adults

45
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Site of infection?

A

Adults live in large intestine

46
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Pathogenesis?

47
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Clinical signs?

A

Peri-anal irritation (from eggs and gelatinous substance)

48
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Diagnosis?

A

Broken hair at tailhead

Adhesive tape method or perianal scrapings method

49
Q

What is Oxyuris equi Treatment and prevention?

A

MCLs, FBZ, etc.

Resistance suspected

50
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Hosts?

A

Donkeys

In horses adults do not reach sexual maturity and patency

51
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Identification?

A

Slender nematodes in bronchi 8 cm long

52
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Life cycle?

A

Adult stages in bronchi lay eggs containing L1
Eggs hatch in lungs and in feces; eggs and L1 found in feces
Develop to L3, migrate from feces to herbage where ingested

53
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

Damage to pulmonary tissue

54
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Clinical signs?

A

No clinical signs in donkeys

55
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Diagnosis?

A

L1 recovered in fresh feces and lung washings

Adults in lungs at necropsy

56
Q

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Treatment and prevention?

A

In endemic areas do not pasture horses and donkeys together

Parasitology (23 decks)

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