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Parasitology > Equine- Stomach Worms, Parascaris, Strongyloides, Oxyuris and Dictyocaulus > Flashcards

Equine- Stomach Worms, Parascaris, Strongyloides, Oxyuris and Dictyocaulus Flashcards

1
Q

What are Equine Differences to felines and canines? (parasites)

A

Consume parasites on pasture
Higher tolerance for parasites
Fewer concerns with zoonosis
Drug residues – meat?

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2
Q

Why is the diagnosis of parasites important in the equid?

A

Health
Performance
Financial savings

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3
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Identification of adults?

A

Distinct buccal cavity
Draschia megastoma: 13 mm
Habronema spp.: 22-25 mm

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4
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Identification of eggs?

A

Thin-shelled, larvated

40-55 x 8-16 μm (narrow)

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5
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Life cycle?

A 
Indirect 
Intermediate hosts:
Diptera: Muscidae
Musca spp.
Stomoxys calcitrans
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6
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults and larvae in stomach

L3 in skin = “wrong place at wrong time”

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7
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Pathogenesis and lesions:in Adults?

A

Nodules in stomach (D. megastoma adults near

margo plicatus)

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8
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Pathogenesis and lesions:in Larvae?

A

Cutaneous habronemiasis/Cutaneous draschiasis

Granular conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Clinical signs?

A

Adults cause gastritis

Larvae cause “summer sores”

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10
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Diagnosis?

A

Recovery of eggs in feces difficult

Larvae in scraping of skin lesions

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11
Q

Draschia megastoma Habronema spp. Treatment and prevention?

A

MCLs approved
Fly control
Reports of ivermectin no longer effective
Resistance?

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12
Q

What is Ascarids Characteristics?

A

Large white nematodes with 3 lips

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13
Q

What is Cat and dog ascarids?

A

Toxocara canis, T. cati and Toxascaris leonina

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14
Q

What is Ascarids Infective stage?

A

L2 in egg

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15
Q

What is Ascarids Life cycle

A

Direct life cycle

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16
Q

What is Ascarids Location?

A

Small intestine; hepatic-tracheal migration (not

T. leonina)

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17
Q

What is Ascarids Eggs?

A

thick-walled (resistant)

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18
Q

What is Ascarids Age of host?

A

Fecund females

Infect young animals

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19
Q

What is Ascarids Clinical signs?

A

Obstruction, pot belly

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20
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Identification?

A

Large nematodes; up to 30 cm
Three lips
Thick walled eggs; 90 μm

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21
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Life cycle?

A

PPP 10-12 wk
Direct and per os
No transmammary or transplacental transmission

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22
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults in small intestine

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23
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

Perforation, obstruction

Unthriftiness/production losses

24
Q

What is Parascaris equorum Clinical signs?

A

Unthriftiness with moderate/heavy infections

Coughing during migratory phase

25
What is Parascaris equorum Diagnosis?
``` Fecal exam (simple flotation or Modified McMaster) for eggs Eggs may be absent in spite of clinical signs ```
26
What is Parascaris equorum Treatment and prevention?
Several anthelmintics Resistance to some MCLs Timing is important
27
What is Strongyloides spp. Family?
Rhabditidae
28
What is Strongyloides spp. Common name?
Threadworm
29
What is Strongyloides spp. Infective stage?
L3
30
What is Strongyloides spp. Life cycle?
Homogonic/ Heterogonic
31
What is Strongyloides spp. Eggs?
30 x 40 μm w/L1
32
What is Strongyloides spp. Dog/cat species?
S. stercoralis
33
What is Strongyloides spp. Other?
Short PPP; young animals
34
What is Strongyloides westeri Identification?
Slender hair-like worms, 1 cm Long esophagus; 1/3 body length Thin shelled larvated egg 30-40 μm
35
What is Strongyloides westeri Life cycle?
Per os Percutaneous Transmammary (by 4th d)
36
What is Strongyloides westeri Site(s) of infection?
Adults in small intestine | Larvae in somatic tissues (arrested)
37
What is Strongyloides westeri Pathogenesis and lesions?
Erythematous reaction where larvae penetrate the skin
38
What is Strongyloides westeri Clinical signs?
Larvae cause urticaria (“frenzy” reported) | Adults cause diarrhea (young horses; older equids possible)
39
What is Strongyloides westeri Diagnosis?
Fecal flotation methods | Expect to see in < 5 mo old horses
40
What is Strongyloides westeri Treatment and prevention?
Incorporated with control of Strongyles and ascarids, since normally not a critical parasite
41
What is Strongyloides spp. in Equids?
S. westeri
42
What is Oxyuris equi Common name?
large pinworm
43
What is Oxyuris equi Identification?
Long, white, pointed tail, up to 10 cm | Normally only females seen
44
What is Oxyuris equi Life cycle?
(PPP 4-5 mo) Adults in dorsal colon Female migrates through anus to lay eggs around perineum Eggs laid with gelatinous substance (irritant) Larva develops to L3 in egg; egg with L3 infective stage L3 develop to L4 and adults
45
What is Oxyuris equi Site of infection?
Adults live in large intestine
46
What is Oxyuris equi Pathogenesis?
Pruritus
47
What is Oxyuris equi Clinical signs?
Peri-anal irritation (from eggs and gelatinous substance)
48
What is Oxyuris equi Diagnosis?
Broken hair at tailhead | Adhesive tape method or perianal scrapings method
49
What is Oxyuris equi Treatment and prevention?
MCLs, FBZ, etc. | Resistance suspected
50
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Hosts?
Donkeys | In horses adults do not reach sexual maturity and patency
51
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Identification?
Slender nematodes in bronchi 8 cm long
52
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Life cycle?
Adult stages in bronchi lay eggs containing L1 Eggs hatch in lungs and in feces; eggs and L1 found in feces Develop to L3, migrate from feces to herbage where ingested
53
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Pathogenesis and lesions?
Damage to pulmonary tissue
54
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Clinical signs?
No clinical signs in donkeys
55
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Diagnosis?
L1 recovered in fresh feces and lung washings | Adults in lungs at necropsy
56
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Treatment and prevention?
In endemic areas do not pasture horses and donkeys together

Parasitology (23 decks)

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