Equine- Anoplocephala, Gasterophilus, Musca and Stomoxys Flashcards
What is Cestodes (tapeworms) Characteristics?
Flat body and no alimentary canal Scolex (holdfast organ) Body with proglottids Indirect life cycle Types of characteristic larval stages
What are Cyclophyllidea?
1 intermediate host
Organs of attachment with scolex and suckers
Egg is oncosphere
Dipylidium is the model
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata Identification?
Large, white, 4 cm
Rounded scolex with lappet behind each of 4 suckers
What is Anoplocephala magna Identification?
Larger, 80 cm (than Anoplocephala perfoliata)
No lappets
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Identification?
Eggs 50-80 μm
Irregular shape
Contain small embryo
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Life cycle?
Mature segments pass in feces, disintegrate and release eggs
Ingested by oribatid or forage mites; develop to cysticercoids
Infected mite eaten by horse while grazing
PPP: 1-2 mo
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Site(s) of infection?
Adult A. perfoliata cecum; ileocecal valve
Adult A. magna in small intestine
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs?
Heavy infections of A. perfoliata– ulcerations
Large numbers – ill health
Localize near ileocecal valve –partial occlusion of valve
Intussusception of the terminal ileum and cecum
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Diagnosis?
Eggs detected with centrifugation and flotation
Sedimentation test
Antigen ELISA
What is Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna Treatment?
Praziquantel
How are G. intestinalis and G. nasalis :Differentiated?
based on color and spines
What is Gasterophilus spp. ?
Bot fly larvae, bot fly
G. intestinalis?
Eggs on forelegs and shoulder
3rd instars in non-glandular part of stomach and cardiac region
G. nasalis
Eggs on intermandibular spaces
3rd instars attach around pylorus and duodenum
What is Gasterophilus spp. Life cycle?
Egg hatches to 1st instar
G. intestinalis: hatches when licked; attached to tongue / lips
G. nasalis: hatches spontaneously; crawls into mouth
In oral cavity 1st to 2nd instar
Swallowed; develop 3rd instar (site specific); live up to 12 mo
Spring pass in feces, pupate
3-9 wk adult fly
What is Gasterophilus spp. Pathogenesis and lesions?
Adult flies an annoyance
Attached instars can provoke an inflammatory reaction
What is Gasterophilus spp. Clinical signs?
Fly worry
What is Gasterophilus spp. Diagnosis?
Differentiate based on color, spines and location in host
Seen during gastroscopy
What is Gasterophilus spp. Treatment and prevention?
Manual removal of eggs
Endoparasiticides for larval stages
What is Musca autumnalis Common name?
Face fly
What is Musca autumnalis Identification?
Adults 5.5-7.5 mm
Mouthparts adapted to sponging
Sticky hairs on pad-like structures at end of legs
What is Musca autumnalis Life cycle?
Typical muscid life cycle
Eggs laid in feces or rotting organic material
What is Musca autumnalis Site(s) of infection?
Animal secretions and wounds
What is Musca autumnalis Pathogenesis and lesions?
Source of annoyance (feeds on face secretions)
Mechanical transmission of viruses, bacteria, helminths, protozoa
What is Musca autumnalis Clinical signs?
Annoyance can interfere with grazing
Annoyance can result in a drop in performance
Can result in eye disorders or conjunctivitis
What is Musca autumnalis Diagnosis?
Fly identification
What is Musca autumnalis Treatment and prevention?
Screens Sanitation; reduce breeding sites Various insecticides Treat horse and environment DO NOT treat compost
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Common name?
Stable fly, biting housefly
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Hosts?
Most animals and humans
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Identification?
Adults 5.5-7.5 mm
Mouthparts rigid, conspicuous and forward projecting
Sits on walls head up
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Life cycle?
Egg – Larva – Pupae - Adult
Feeds on blood
Requires 3 minutes to finish its blood meal
Females lay eggs on decaying matter such as damp hay
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Site(s) of infection?
General
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Pathogenesis and lesions?
Attack animals, transmit disease organisms
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Clinical signs?
Increased head and ear movement, skin twitches and tail swishes
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Diagnosis?
Fly identification
What is Stomoxys calcitrans Treatment and prevention?
Screens Sanitation; reduce breeding sites Various insecticides Treat horse and environment DO NOT treat compost
