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Parasitology > Bovine- Dictyocaulus, Taenia, Fasciola, Fascioloides > Flashcards

Bovine- Dictyocaulus, Taenia, Fasciola, Fascioloides Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dictyocaulus spp. Common name?

A

lung worm

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2
Q

What is Dictyocaulus spp. Identification?

A

Adults: long (8 cm), thin, in bronchi
Infective stage: L3
Diagnostic stage: L1 Baermann

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3
Q

What is Dictyocaulus spp. ( D. arnfieldi )

A

Adapted to donkeys; clinical signs rare

Rarely patent in horses; cough / can be highly pathogenic

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4
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Common name?

A

lung worm

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5
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Hosts?

A

cattle

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6
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Identification?

A

Adults – slender white worms (8 cm) in trachea and bronchi

L1– in feces

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7
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Life cycle?

A

Adult females pass eggs which
hatch to L1
L1 coughed up and pass in feces
L1 develop to L3, migrate up herbage (or dispersed by fungi)
L3 ingested; migrate from intestine via blood to lungs; mature
PPP: 24 d

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8
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Pathogenesis Penetration phase?

A

Days 1-7
Larval migration
Clinical signs not apparent

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9
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Pathogenesis Prepatent phase?

A

Days 8-24
Larvae develop to adults in lungs
Alveolitis and bronchitis

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10
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Pathogenesis Patent phase?

A

Days 25-60
Presence of adult worms in lungs
Bronchitis and pneumonia

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11
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Pathogenesis Postpatent phase?

A

Days 61-90
If animal survives, recovery starts
Relapse can occur; entire lungs diseased

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12
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Clinical signs?

A

Bouts of coughing at rest
Postpatent parasitic bronchitis
dissolution and aspiration of dead or dying worms at end of infection

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13
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Diagnosis?

A 
Clinical signs
History
Endemic area
Identification of L1
Necropsy
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14
Q

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus Treatment and prevention?

A

Anthelmintics
Management
Vaccine (Europe)

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15
Q

What is Taenia spp. (characteristics?)

A

Taeniid egg
Adults in small intestine
Adults largely non-pathogenic

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16
Q

What is Taenia saginata Common name?

A

Beef tapeworm

Pearly beef

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17
Q

What is Taenia saginata Hosts?

A

final host – human

intermediate host – bovine

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18
Q

What is Taenia saginata Identification?

A

8 m long unarmed scolex

Egg taeniid

19
Q

What is Taenia saginata Site(s) of infection?

A

Final host – small intestine

Intermediate host – striated muscle

20
Q

What is Taenia saginata Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs?

A

Final host – discomfort with passing of segments

IM – none except when heavy infections with cysticerci in heart.

21
Q

What is Taenia saginata Diagnosis (cattle)?

A

Meat inspection

Serology – antigen-ELISA or antibody tests

22
Q

What is Taenia saginata Treatment and prevention?

A 
(Bovine) Praziquantel highly effective, but expensive for large animals 
Dissemination of information
(Humans) Cook meat
Freeze meat
Hygiene
23
Q

What are Trematodes Identification?

A

Adults: leaf shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, hermaphroditic

24
Q

What is Trematodes Intermediate host?

A

Snail

25
Q

What is Trematodes Diagnostic stage?

A

operculated egg (brown)

26
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Hosts?

A

Final hosts – cattle, sheep, goats, other ruminants and humans
Intermediate hosts – snails (lamenaid??)

27
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Identification?

A

Adults – 3 cm; leaf shaped

Eggs – characteristic; 130 μm

28
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Site(s) of infection?

A

bile ducts of liver

29
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs?

A

Immature flukes migrate and feed; fibrosis replaces necrotic tracts
Adults consume blood, irritate host, cause “pipestem liver”
Chronic fasciolosis associated with mature flukes in bile ducts

30
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Diagnosis?

A

Quantitative sedimentation
ELISA bulk milk
Elevated globulin, elevated albumin, elevated GGT

31
Q

What is Fasciola hepatica Treatment and prevention?

A

Some flukicides available

Snail control and management

32
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Common name?

A

large American liver fluke deer fluke

33
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Hosts?

A

Definitive hosts – white tailed deer, wapiti, caribou, etc.
Dead-end hosts – cattle, moose, sika deer and bison
Aberrant hosts – sheep, goats and roe deer
Intermediate hosts – snails

34
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Identification?

A

Adults – 10 cm; large; oval

Eggs – distinct; 130 μm

35
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Site(s) of infection?

A

adults in liver

36
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Life cycle?

A

Similar to F. hepatica, but juvenile flukes wander aimlessly, destroy liver tissue

37
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Life cycle: Definitive host (deer etc.)?

A

cyst forms around fluke, develop to adults which lay eggs

38
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Life cycle: Dead-end host (cattle etc.)?

A

cyst encapsulates fluke in liver, never patent

39
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Life cycle: Aberrant host (sheep, goats etc)?

A

fluke migrates, no cyst forms, animal dies before patency

40
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Deer and cattle?

A

parasite encapsulated by host minimizes clinical effects

41
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Sheep and goats?

A

continuous migration of immature flukes results in death before patent infection

42
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Diagnosis?

A

Definitive hosts – eggs detected

Dead-end and aberrant hosts – eggs not detected

43
Q

What is Fascioloides magna Treatment and prevention?

A

Economic losses of cattle livers
Anthelmintics effective, but not approved in USA
Snail control
in areas where deer are natural reservoir, the land may be unusable for grazing of deer and livestock together

Parasitology (23 decks)

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