Equine-GI

Question 1

Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of distal esophagus

Answer 1

I know nothing about this

Question 2

Cantharidin tox

Answer 2

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia

Question 3

Gastric distention/rupture

Answer 3

1. Intestinal obstruction

2. Overeating

Question 4

Gastric Parasites

Answer 4

1. Trichostrongylus axei
   - grow in stomach and intestine, thickened mucosa
2. Gastrophilus - stomach bots
   - something about ulcers
3. Habronema Draschia
   - ulcerative and nodular lesions represent brood pouches

Question 5

Lethal white overo syndrome

Answer 5

1. Fatal, recessive, narrow large intestine
2. No myenteric ganglia, die of colic
3. Paints

Question 6

Volvulus

Answer 6

Rotation around mesenteric axis

Question 7

Torsion

Answer 7

Rotation along long axis

Question 8

Rectal perforation

Answer 8

Grade 1 - mucosa & submucosa
Grade 2 - Disruption of muscular layer w/ prolapse of mucosa and submucosa through defect, diverticulum
Grade 3a-Exposes serosa
Grade 3b-all layers disrupted
Grade 4 - tearing of all layers

Question 9

Parascaris Equorum

Answer 9

1. Lumen of the SI

2. Larval migration in liver, kidneys, lung

Question 10

Equine strongyles

Answer 10

Large:
-S. Vulgaris, Equinus, Edentatus => arteritis
Small:
-Cyathostominae-larvae pathogenic

Question 11

Cestodes

Answer 11

Tapeworms - Anaplocephala magma or perfoliata

• intussusception at Ileocecal valve
• Typhlitis, colitis

Question 12

Catarrhal Enteritis

Answer 12

1. Rotavirus in foals
2. Acute, not many gross lesions
3. Secretory - water and electrolyte loss

Question 13

Hemorrhagic enteritis/enterocolitis

Answer 13

1. Clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile
2. DPJ
3. Colitis - adults

Question 14

Anterior enteritis

Answer 14

1. Adult horse
2. Reflux
3. Fluid accumulation in SI
4. Colic

Question 15

Colitis - Adult

Answer 15

Formerly colitis X

1. Massive fluid accumulation in wall
2. Endotoxemia
3. Hypovolemic shock
4. Clostridium perfringens type A
5. Clostridial difficile toxins

Question 16

Fibrinohemorrhagic to necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 16

Salmonella enterica

Question 17

Salmonellosis

Answer 17

ulcers

pseudomembranes

Question 18

Sequelae to salmonellosis/enterocolitis

Answer 18

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

Question 19

Potomac Horse Fever

Answer 19

Neorickettsia risticii - ulcerative colitis
Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
-Erosive to ulcerative, edematous, and fibrinous colitis

Question 20

Rhodococcus equi

Answer 20

young horses
granulomatous ulcerative
lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis
can look like salmonellosis

Question 21

Rhodococcus equi commonly characterized by

Answer 21

Pulmonary granulomas

-necrosis of peyer’s patches

Question 22

List of hepatobiliary diseases in the horse

Answer 22

1. Hepatic lipidosis
2. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis
3. Creeping indigo
4. Aflatoxicosis
5. Equine serum hepatitis
6. Equine herpesvirus hepatitis
7. Tyzzer’s dz

Question 23

Hepatic lipidosis

Answer 23

Results when the rate of hepatic triglyceride synthesis exceeds formation and release of VLDL’s into circulation
-causes hepatomegaly

Question 24

Hepatic lipidosis caused by

Answer 24

Negative energy balance from

1. feed restriction
2. pregnancy/lactation
3. disease-induced anorexia, stress

Question 25

Hepatic lipidosis grossly

Answer 25

Large, waxy, yellow, friable, rounded margins

Question 26

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis

Answer 26

Megalocytosis in liver, leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, hard liver

Question 27

Creeping Indigo - Grove's dz

Answer 27

Indospicine, AA arginine antagonist Neuro signs, nonspecific signs, light sensitivity, corneal ulcers, oral ulcers, mild liver lesions -can recover if remove from source early enough

Question 28

Aflatoxicosis

Answer 28

1. Contaminated feed 2. Hepatomegaly 3. Liver-fatty degeneration, megalocytes, fibrosis, necrosis, biliary hyperplasia

Question 29

Things that cause equine serum hepatitis (Theiler's dz)

Answer 29

1. tetanus antitoxin 2. PMSG 3. anthrax antiserum 4. plasma * small, collapsed, flabby liver

Question 30

Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer's Dz)

Answer 30

1. Dz of foals - rodent and adult horses are reservoir, fecal oral route 2. Acute multifocal liver necrosis in immunocompromized foals - random small white foci 3. Picture of huge swollen liver

Question 31

EHV-1 hepatitis

Answer 31

1. In utero death and late term abortion 2. Highly contagious abortion storm - vaccinate 3. Gross lesions: - tiny foci of necrosis in liver, edema and petechiae of lung, fibrin in trachea 4. Histo lesions: - necrosis and inflammation and intranuclear includsions - lung, liver, thymus, adrenal, spleen, nodules