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Large animal path > Equine-GI > Flashcards

Equine-GI Flashcards

1
Q

Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of distal esophagus

A

I know nothing about this

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2
Q

Cantharidin tox

A

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia

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3
Q

Gastric distention/rupture

A
  1. Intestinal obstruction

2. Overeating

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4
Q

Gastric Parasites

A
  1. Trichostrongylus axei
    - grow in stomach and intestine, thickened mucosa
  2. Gastrophilus - stomach bots
    - something about ulcers
  3. Habronema Draschia
    - ulcerative and nodular lesions represent brood pouches
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5
Q

Lethal white overo syndrome

A
  1. Fatal, recessive, narrow large intestine
  2. No myenteric ganglia, die of colic
  3. Paints
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6
Q

Volvulus

A

Rotation around mesenteric axis

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7
Q

Torsion

A

Rotation along long axis

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8
Q

Rectal perforation

A 
Grade 1 - mucosa & submucosa
Grade 2 - Disruption of muscular layer w/ prolapse of mucosa and submucosa through defect, diverticulum
Grade 3a-Exposes serosa
Grade 3b-all layers disrupted
Grade 4 - tearing of all layers
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9
Q

Parascaris Equorum

A
  1. Lumen of the SI

2. Larval migration in liver, kidneys, lung

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10
Q

Equine strongyles

A

Large:
-S. Vulgaris, Equinus, Edentatus => arteritis
Small:
-Cyathostominae-larvae pathogenic

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11
Q

Cestodes

A

Tapeworms - Anaplocephala magma or perfoliata

  • intussusception at Ileocecal valve
  • Typhlitis, colitis
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12
Q

Catarrhal Enteritis

A
  1. Rotavirus in foals
  2. Acute, not many gross lesions
  3. Secretory - water and electrolyte loss
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13
Q

Hemorrhagic enteritis/enterocolitis

A
  1. Clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile
  2. DPJ
  3. Colitis - adults
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14
Q

Anterior enteritis

A
  1. Adult horse
  2. Reflux
  3. Fluid accumulation in SI
  4. Colic
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15
Q

Colitis - Adult

A

Formerly colitis X

  1. Massive fluid accumulation in wall
  2. Endotoxemia
  3. Hypovolemic shock
  4. Clostridium perfringens type A
  5. Clostridial difficile toxins
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16
Q

Fibrinohemorrhagic to necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Salmonella enterica

17
Q

Salmonellosis

A

ulcers

pseudomembranes

18
Q

Sequelae to salmonellosis/enterocolitis

A

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

19
Q

Potomac Horse Fever

A

Neorickettsia risticii - ulcerative colitis
Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
-Erosive to ulcerative, edematous, and fibrinous colitis

20
Q

Rhodococcus equi

A

young horses
granulomatous ulcerative
lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis
can look like salmonellosis

21
Q

Rhodococcus equi commonly characterized by

A

Pulmonary granulomas

-necrosis of peyer’s patches

22
Q

List of hepatobiliary diseases in the horse

A
  1. Hepatic lipidosis
  2. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis
  3. Creeping indigo
  4. Aflatoxicosis
  5. Equine serum hepatitis
  6. Equine herpesvirus hepatitis
  7. Tyzzer’s dz
23
Q

Hepatic lipidosis

A

Results when the rate of hepatic triglyceride synthesis exceeds formation and release of VLDL’s into circulation
-causes hepatomegaly

24
Q

Hepatic lipidosis caused by

A

Negative energy balance from

  1. feed restriction
  2. pregnancy/lactation
  3. disease-induced anorexia, stress
25
Q

Hepatic lipidosis grossly

A

Large, waxy, yellow, friable, rounded margins

26
Q

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis

A

Megalocytosis in liver, leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, hard liver

27
Q

Creeping Indigo - Grove’s dz

A

Indospicine, AA arginine antagonist
Neuro signs, nonspecific signs, light sensitivity, corneal ulcers, oral ulcers, mild liver lesions
-can recover if remove from source early enough

28
Q

Aflatoxicosis

A
  1. Contaminated feed
  2. Hepatomegaly
  3. Liver-fatty degeneration, megalocytes, fibrosis, necrosis, biliary hyperplasia
29
Q

Things that cause equine serum hepatitis (Theiler’s dz)

A
  1. tetanus antitoxin
  2. PMSG
  3. anthrax antiserum
  4. plasma
    * small, collapsed, flabby liver
30
Q

Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer’s Dz)

A
  1. Dz of foals - rodent and adult horses are reservoir, fecal oral route
  2. Acute multifocal liver necrosis in immunocompromized foals
    - random small white foci
  3. Picture of huge swollen liver
31
Q

EHV-1 hepatitis

A
  1. In utero death and late term abortion
  2. Highly contagious abortion storm - vaccinate
  3. Gross lesions:
    - tiny foci of necrosis in liver, edema and petechiae of lung, fibrin in trachea
  4. Histo lesions:
    - necrosis and inflammation and intranuclear includsions - lung, liver, thymus, adrenal, spleen, nodules

Large animal path (14 decks)

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