Bovine-Liver

Question 1

Hepatic abscesses ush a complication from

Answer 1

ruminitis

-etiologic agent: truperella pyogenes

Question 2

Clostridial Hepatitis

Answer 2

Bacillary hemoglobinuris (clostridium hemolyticum)
-spores in liver activated by something else (liver flukes)
-spores produce Beta toxin causeing hemolysis and hepatic necrosis
=> hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, fever, icterus, 95% mortality.

Question 3

Parasitic hepatitis

Answer 3

Migrating parasites (fascioloa hepatica/magna)
-hepatica inside bile ducts, magna outside

Question 4

Patterns of toxic liver injury

Answer 4

Zonal
Massive
Individual cellular

Question 5

Cyanobacteria toxicosis

Answer 5

Blue-green algae/bacteria

1. Centrilobular necrosis
2. Microcystin-LR

Question 6

Cocklebur Toxicity

Answer 6

Common weed US and South America

1. Carboxyatractlyoside
2. Zonal lobular pattern in liver
3. Ataxia, weakness, blindness, convulsions

Question 7

Lantana camara

Answer 7

1. Triterpene acids (Lantadene A, B)
   - hepatotoxic, cholestatic, nephrotoxic
2. Icterus, photosensitization, oral ulceration
3. Cattle, sheep, goats, guinea pigs, rabbits

Question 8

Lantana lesions

Answer 8

1. Icterus
2. Enlarged, yellow-green liver
3. Distended gall bladder
4. Dry undigested plants in rumen
5. Swollen kidneys
6. Histo lesions in kidney and liver

Question 9

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxic plants

Answer 9

1. Sececio (ragwort, groundsel, tarweed)
2. Crotalaria (rattlebox)
3. Amsinckia (fiddleneck)
4. Heliotropium (heliotrope)

Question 10

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid CS

Answer 10

Related to chronic liver failure

1. Icterus
2. Weight loss/diarrhea
3. Photosensitization
4. Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 11

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid hepatic lesions

Answer 11

Acute fatal
1. large swollen liver with pronounced lobular pattern
2. Severe acute centrilobular necrosis
3. May heal with venocclusive fibrosis (horses, cattle, people)
Chronic: small, firm liver
1. Portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia
2. Megalocytosis

Question 12

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox dx

Answer 12

presumptive, finding plant

Question 13

Aflatoxin

Answer 13

1. Grain or other carbs (penicillium, aspergillus)
2. Aflatoxin toxic and mutagenic
3. Toxic liver dz
   - zonal necrosis
   - hepatocellular lipidosis, marked bile duct hyperplasia
   - hepatic cirrhosis
   - hepatocellular carcinoma